Application of RFID Technology

Utilization of RFID Technology The disclosure of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) innovation was at first met with wariness. Cynics were not persuaded of the practicability if its usage and contended that its utilization was constrained. In any case, it is such a great amount of part of life today that it is difficult to envision existence without it.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Application of RFID Technology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More RFID innovation uses radio waves to find objects. It utilizes an arrangement of one of a kind codes set on an item, which are transmitted as radio waves to an electronic identifier. An item can be perused past its physical perceivability go. RFID has three fundamental segments in particular: the label set on the article, the radio wire peruser and the PC programming. The reception apparatus discharges a radio sign, which thusly initiates the perusing of the transporter tag. The transporter tag has a silicon chip with unique en coded message, containing object information. The peruser translates this information and passes it to the PC programming for understanding. RFID is expected to empower the transmission of information from a cell phone, the transporter tag (see Fig. 1). The silicon chip in the transporter tag contains article, for example, the specific spot of area, the date of assembling, the shade of the item, the cost, or some other applicable data. At present RFID is being utilized to follow physical resources, distinguishing proof of people, following creatures, in gracefully chains, in retail locations, as a method of installment and in security controls (Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility, 2011). The reason for this paper is to clarify he current employments of RFID innovation and how it influences living. RFID has been seen as more beneficial than the Universal Product Code (UPC) framework it supplanted. Its scope of activity is more extensive than the UPC. RFID perusers c an speak with different labels, which don't should be inside sight, simultaneously. In particular, these labels can store more data about the item than UPC (Umar, Einitz, Imunovic, Andeep, and Ranzon, 2009). One of the most conspicuous employments of RFID innovation is in the food business. It supplanted the less successful Universal Product Code. Regardless, it is utilized in the executives of food gracefully chains. Electronic labels are set on food things that help in distinguishing proof during transportation and capacity. Such legitimate organizations like Wal-Mart, utilizes RFID chips to follow its items as they enter its gracefully and conveyance chain. The British Telecommunications organization has an inventive method of utilizing RFID. It has made an internet following arrangement of food items called BT foodnet. This framework decreases the cost and the time utilized on reviewing unsatisfactory food items (Umar et al, 2009).Advertising Looking for article on other innovat ion? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other than the flexibly chain the executives, Umar et al (2009), clarify that RFID is additionally helpful in observing temperatures of touchy food items. The connection of RFID transporter labels takes into consideration the account of the temperature of food items and accordingly, it gets simpler to assess their timeframe of realistic usability. The labels have visual showcase instrument that demonstrates the status of the food thing. For instance if the thing is past its time span of usability the transporter, label squints red. Other RFID labels are somewhat entangled and can peruse and store around 13000 temperature readings in a solitary occurrence. These labels can transmit the information for a separation of up to 100 meters. Finally, this innovation has additionally been valuable in support of sanitation guidelines. In transportation and capacity of short-lived merchandise like meat and organic products, RFID labels are joined with thermometers that read the capacity temperatures. This aides in deciding if the organization satisfies safe food taking care of guidelines. It is additionally used to screen and decide the aging paces of agricultural items in travel (Umar et al, 2009). RFID has discovered simple application in cell phone innovation. Cell phones are furnished with a RFID label that gets is power structure the device’s battery. This tag is bolstered by the cell phone working framework, the product being used in the cell phone gadget and the cell phone equipment. Utilizing the RFID innovation, the cell phone goes about as the connection between all cell phone arrangement suppliers. The transporter labels are utilized to transfer data to these arrangement suppliers, and can bolster and encourage many between administration exchanges. Cell phone working frameworks have been created so that they can bolster peruser labels utilized in cell phone s. The current portable industry is connected with its boundless prevalence in its games. The innovation of Radio Frequency Identification have required the games enterprises picturing on the best way to structure new games that will empower cooperations of the virtual and genuine universes, where clients can associate with objects that are in travels or fixed. The Radio Frequency Identification doesn't just mean the collaboration of destinations, yet in addition involves the utilization of other short-run interchanges, for example, the Bluetooth or WiFi. These require a wellspring of intensity and hence can just work utilizing an aloof tag or standardized identification. Once in the past phones had an on board camera to decipher the code on the camera or from an internet database.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Application of RFID Technology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the presence of Radio Frequency Identification offers an opt ion quicker arrangement in versatile games and cameras as their labels can be gotten to at a pace of up to 424 kbits/s, while the previous standardized identifications utilized picture catch and preparing that is delayed as it takes a few seconds. Aside from its utilization in the game business, the Radio Frequency Identification has discovered its application as a Visa through an innovation alluded as Near-Field â€communication. This method of cell phone installment is at present in its preliminary in US, Finland, Germany among others. The thing that matters is that with NFC correspondence is two different ways instead of one as for the situation with Radio Frequency Identification Visa chips. This makes this new innovation further developed and secure. This happens when an initiated current streams in wire of the loop of NCF when one passes close or in an attractive field that. In this manner, when a cell phone that is furnished with a NCF passes close by a NCF-installment stat ion that is creating electromagnetic field and that contain a loop of transmitter inside makes an electric flow that hops in the middle of the two curls to be produced. Through this procedure the client can utilize his/her cell phone to execute as though he was utilizing his/her Mastercard. Nokia 6131 is a case of NFC incorporated telephone. With such a telephone separated from making versatile installments a client can bolt or open the entryway of your office (Layton, 2011). RFID has likewise demonstrated priceless innovation to apply in emergency clinics. It is extremely productive in the board and organization of medical clinic tasks. Step by step it has discovered acknowledgment as an answer that will diminish wastages in emergency clinics. Emergency clinics use RFID to screen patient’s real area, area of uncommon clinical hardware and the board of patient data among numerous different capacities. In the executives of patient’s data specialists can check patientâ⠂¬â„¢s versatile labels and access their clinical history. Medical clinic staff can likewise utilize the innovation on patients before they show up in emergency clinic by encoding the patients name, condition and area. This makes it easer for emergency clinic staff to envision the appearance of such patients and to find their development inside the hospital.Advertising Searching for exposition on other innovation? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More RFID has supplanted standardized identification innovation, which was inclined will blunders that were excessively exorbitant to medical clinics. RFID has been seen as more valuable than simply improving the proficiency of manual undertakings. It has not exclusively been successfully utilized in following of extraordinary consideration patients that would represent a danger to general society, yet additionally recognize and disengage patients with explicit illnesses in enormous swarmed emergency clinics. This was discovered successful in Asia in the executives of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARs) episode. The Taiwanese government teamed up with Taipei Medical University Hospital (TMUH) in building up an arrangement of patient labels, field perusers and generators that recognized the area of SARs casualties. Patient’s labels had thermometers that would peruse patients temperatures. It got simpler to recognize, detach and focus on these patients. Due to the capability of the RFID radio waves to interferer with the working of advanced clinical hardware, the Washington Hospital Center built up the ultra-wideband (UWB) recurrence, which works on lower quality sign, and in this way not amazing enough to meddle with these types of gear (Chao, 2007). The utilization of RFID innovation has not been without challenges. In the first place, it is such a costly endeavor for any organization that expects to execute this methodology. Most organizations don't see the marketing prudence of introducing the entire framework that underpins the utilization of RFID, contending that it has no arrival on speculation. An impressive extent of these devices are not dependable enough. The framework additionally produces extremely immense measures of information that most organizations can't oversee, even with the assistance of RFID. Organizations need qualified staff to actualize and run, which adds to cost of dong business. There are additionally security issues on the util ization of this innovation, which may damage singular opportunities and freedoms. Finally, the framework is inclined to mishandle. Counterfeit labels can be utilized rather than authentic ones, along these lines ev

Gay; To Be or Not To Be Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay; To Be or Not To Be - Essay Example ut presence for an incredible duration †I realized that I needed to continue existing, and self destruction was not something that entered my thoughts excessively much (close to whatever other individual who has survived young years, presumably). For me the inquiry fixated on my sexuality. Who am I? I asked myself, and what's going on with I? Am I gay? These are questions that grieved me for quite a bit of my development, and I spent an incredible bit of my advancement denying what my identity was. To be gay, or not to be gay, I asked myself, without understanding that the inquiry in being posed was most likely replied. It isn't care for I was an offspring of the fifties or sixties, experiencing childhood in while being gay was the best sin one would ever envision. When I had graduated secondary school it was the late eighties, and gay rights activists were at that point walking down lanes in San Francisco and New York, scholastics were talking about another Queer politic that was developing, and gay individuals wherever were being told â€Å"come out, you don't have anything to fear.† Be that as it may, the issue is that this origination of being gay and coming out, that you know it inside yet decide to conceal it from society, isn't something that really happens all the time. Before having the alternative of â€Å"coming out† to companions and family members, you must have an extraordinary inside discourse with yourself, and discover what your identity is. Doing this by itself in your teenagers isn't a simple thing, by no stretch of the imagination. I recall the first occasion when I had a suspicion that I probably won't resemble every other person (or possibly, how I thought every other person was †thinking back now I’m sure I realized many closeted gay individuals growing up.) I was simply entering the ninth grade, when numerous individuals are first finding out about their sexuality, and I looked over my homeroom study hall at a dear companion who was sitting their, wearing spaghetti ties (I had a to some degree indulgent school) and cleavage to some degree uncovered. Presently this was somebody who I had known for nearly as long as I can remember, and a

Sports Sociology from a feminist point of view

Sports Sociology from a women's activist perspective Ladies support in sports has a history set apart by division and imbalance. Be that as it may, ladies have encounters significant achievements by female competitors assisting with gaining noteworthy ground for sex fairness and the strengthening of ladies. The article will clarify a portion of the chronicled improvements concerning diverse hypothetical viewpoint of women's liberation, for example, liberal, radical and communist feminisms. It will likewise fundamentally examine feminisms and how female are abused by man centric society. Women's liberation is a dynamic, various and frequently clashing assortment of social speculations and good methods of reasoning (Burke, 2008). It is like Marxism on the grounds that both are political speculations that were create to illuminate the disparity, misuse and destitution in the public arena. While Marxism is to a great extent propelled by the battle of social class, women's liberation centers around the encounters of ladies, especially as far as their political, social and efficient disparities. One imminent of women's liberation centers around looking for no specific benefits yet only interest that everybody get equivalent political, prudent and social thought without segregation based on sex (Adkins, 2004). Another restricting kind of current women's liberation, contradicts existing political and social organization when all is said in done in light of the fact that its attached to a male overwhelmed society. Along these lines, women's liberation has no single, general structure that speaks to all women's activists. The ascent of women's liberation development can be isolated into three waves. The primary wave started in the late 1800s to mid 1900s alluding essentially to the sculpture of ladies in family and permitting womens option to cast a ballot known as the testimonial development. The subsequent wave alludes to the activity of the womens freedom development starting in the mid 1950s which crusaded for social and lawful balance for ladies. The third wave women's liberation started during the 1990s and grasped strife, logical inconsistencies and obliged assorted variety and change. Influxes of Feminism The influxes of woman's rights are a verifiable movement in every wave has bringing a growing of energy that conveyed ladies closer to correspondence in the public arena. The early development has come to known as the first wave which was built up in Quite a while and United Kingdom around the late 1800s to mid 1900s. They major concerned was to help advance ladies fairness in training, business and property rights. In any case, before the finish of the nineteenth century, numerous women's activist, for example, Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone battled to acquire political force for ladies; especially the privilege of womens testimonial. Lady had accomplishment because of the first World War happen meaning ladies supplanted men in regular citizen work-power and furthermore served in the military help jobs. Women's activist likewise had huge accomplishment in changes in training, and expanding access to various calling and in social insurance. It is viewed as that the primary wave arri ved at end when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution was passed empowering ladies the option to cast a ballot (Lee Ling, 2001). The movement of first-wave woman's rights was huge; be that as it may, without the continuation of the second-wave, feminisms would not be as advance for what it's worth in current occasions (would u be able to think about another way can say that), for each wave is interrelated and subject to every others history. In the mid 1960s Second Wave of women's liberation rose. Second-wave centers was more extensive than the primary wave. It was worried on disparities, for example, the financial opportunity, the rights for female to have premature birth, equivalent and openness to certain male commanded foundation, for example, sports. It likewise started to challenge the mastery of male controlled society and sex imbalance in all perspectives. In 1963 A Feminist named Betty Friedan exposed a milestone book called The Feminine Mystique. This book would be a urgent crossroads throughout the entire existence of second wave woman's rights. The book give a knowledge on how upper to white collar class ladies felt unhappy about their limited open door throughout everyday life (Changfoot, 2002). Friedan before long got one of the main women's activist in the Second wave, and inevitably settled the National Organization for Women, whose design was to elevate sexual orientation uniformity and to secure and bol ster ladies rights. Maybe probably the greatest accomplishment of Second Wave Feminism was in the United States by the entry of Title IX (Ackerly Attanasi, 2006). This empowered ladies to approach training, especially in college and expert schools. Furthermore, crafted by these women's activists permit business openings that before had been bound to men available to ladies. The Third Wave of women's liberation that rose during the 1990s is as yet current right up 'til the present time. Like all women's liberation, the third wave centers around the social, financial, political and individual strengthening of ladies, yet this contrast to pervious waves since it concerns were more on the individual strengthening of ladies and less on activism. Ferguson (2002) remarked on the third wave as another heading for woman's rights to celebrates womens journey to assemble significant personalities in a perplexing contemporary world (p2). Third wave women's activists praise decent variety not at all like past waves and the Womens Liberation Movement; it was regularly reprimanded for concentrating too barely on the occasions of white collar class, Caucasian and hetero ladies. Third wave women's activists don't dismiss political activism, yet the accentuation depends more on ladies individual strengthening as an underlying point for cultural change. Zinn and Dill (200 5) propose there are different frameworks of control that make disparity for ladies known as a grid of mastery. Women's activist hypotheses Women's liberation is certifiably not a bound together or a straightforward way of thinking. Numerous ladies and man see themselves as women's activists; the greater part of their belief system may differ significantly. The women's activist speculations intend to comprehend the idea of sexual orientation imbalance, advancing womens rights, while for the most part giving a scrutinize of social relations. This exposition will concentrate on looking a liberal, communist and radical woman's rights. Liberal woman's rights is portrayed on the accentuation of needing the two sexual orientations to be equivalent inside society. As indicated by the hypothesis, society itself needn't bother with a significant transformation, yet rather recommend that laws should be changed and openings which empower all the more accessibly for ladies to get equivalent in the public eye. To a liberal women's activist, proof of progress happens when various ladies acquire positions past involved by men, especially very good quality positions. In the United Kingdom and the major of the Western world, liberal woman's rights is the most well-known type of women's liberation. Storm, (2009) contends that regardless of whether ladies are not, at this point dependent upon men, they will in any case should be administered by a male centric state. Radical Feminist contends institutional changes, for example, the presentation of womens testimonial are deficient to liberate ladies. Interestingly communist women's liberation accentuates that balance for ladies won't be accomplish without a noteworthy change inside society principally monetary change additionally communist women's activists center around aggregate change and strengthening. Like Marxism, communist women's activists contend that there are essential disparities worked in to an industrialist society since capital and force are shared inconsistent. In this way, it not adequate enough for ladies to accomplish incredible situations in the public arena, yet force and capital should be conveyed similarly (Fleck, 2004). Pundit contends that communist women's liberation nor is progressive nor sufficiently radical to produce an answer for the trouble for ladies financial and social misuse. Another contention isn't all male and female connections are portrayed by misuse and mistreatment. Radical woman's rights is centers around man centric society and the arrangement of intensity that sorts out society. It is like communist women's liberation as in it underscores the requirement for extreme social change for ladies to really have fairness. Radical women's activists accept that society is generally male centric, and accordingly establishes that ladies are abused. An analysis for radical woman's rights is it concentrates much on the male controlled society and need to consider the ideas, for example, ethnicity, religion and social class. Another analysis is opposite separation when ladies pushed unreasonably into senior position. Woman's rights in sports Womens cooperation in sports has risen fundamentally in the twentieth century, especially in the last quarter. It this incompletely because of the adjustments in present day social orders that support sex equality. While the degree of cooperation execution despite everything modifies relying upon the nation and by sport. Despite the fact that there has been numerous improvement in the openness in sport numerous women's activist contend, that sports has been socially developed hyper manly, in this way it has been progressively restricted to men. Vale, (1998) discovered proof to help this by taking a gander at the fantastic protection from remembered ladies for specific mens foundations. Augusta National is the golf club which is likewise home to the Masters Tournament which doesn't permit ladies individuals to join. At the point when ladies have attempted to join the club or have made dissent outside the parameter, the response from the club has boarded on threatening vibe. As an outc omes Vale, (1996) question if sport is so advantageous for men, for what reason do men and establishment, hold such impervious to offer all that is acceptable in game to ladies. Radical women's liberation have scrutinized the man controlled society on how they depict ladies in sports. For instance Sports Illustrated depicts ladies by presents disparaging generalizations of female sexuality, urging men to see ladies as sex objects and by transforming voyeurism into a game.

Homeless And Criminalization - Free Essay Example

The homeless face the same dilemma of criminalization around the world. In particular, the U.S., Brazil, and Hungary treat their poor people in an inhumane manner that violates multiple human rights. Introduction Every day, countless homeless individuals seek residence on the streets with whatever resources they can muster while being persecuted by every aspect of society. Forced off the streets, laws evict them from park benches and sidewalks. In the U.S., barely within 24 hours of not returning to a shelter, their place there can be taken from them, leaving them to fend off dangerous conditions outside, not knowing from where they will receive their next meal or the next time they will be able to wear clean clothing. Properly accounting for the homeless has proved to be a daunting task because people constantly move in and out of a state of homelessness and having a temporary or permanent place of residence. While it would be unsustainable to attempt to fix the problem by just handing resources to the homeless, many countries in which the burden of homelessness can be alleviated †such as in industrialized nations that have resources available could adjust their systems to allow more r esources to be allocated to the homeless such as food, clean water, shelter, money. People in non-socialist countries would likely fear that such an allocation of resources would be akin to that of communism, so they would likely not support that solution because of their country ideals. Hungary According to a new Hungarian amendment, the amendment to Article XXII of the Hungarian constitution, it is now illegal for people to be homeless. The amendment states, In order to protect public order, public safety, public health, and cultural artifacts, an Act or a local government decree may, with respect to a specific part of public space, provide that using a public space as a habitual dwelling shall be illegal. Instead of protecting the order of society, by cracking down on all homeless persons Hungary has eliminated all legal protections for the homeless. Without someone to take regular care of them, they may have no other place to go. The European Union has responded by threatening the removal of Hungarys voice from the EU, however, they await a response from Hungary (Tomlinson n.p.). United States of America The United States of America remains among the worst offenders of persecuting individuals without homes on every scale. Politically, Americas laws try to incriminate them; economically, they are disadvantaged; socially, they are voiceless. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Developments Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there are approximately 554,000 homeless in the United States, almost 50,000 of those people are unaccompanied youth people under 25 years old. The U.S. justice system fails to protect their homeless by enforcing vague and cruel laws. Under these laws supported by the Constitution, cities are allowed to keep individuals off the streets, leaving them stuck in a cycle of being fined, not being able to pay the fine, going on trial for their refusal to pay the fine, serving time for infringing upon the law, then losing their place at a shelter for the night(s) they missed while serving jail time and not being able to receive a job because of t heir record, thus continuing the cycle. One such law found in cities across America forbids people from feeding the homeless. Because of this law, around 12 to 15 people were arrested in El Cajon for distributing food and supplies (Winkley n.p.). Significance of Research The laws imposed by these countries blatantly violate the basic human rights of the low income and the destitute unable to establish a permanent residence. In doing so they demonstrate a power dynamic in which their governments suppress the voices of the poor to prevent them from speaking out against officials who may look bad. This is unconstitutional and a human rights violation because it takes away from their freedom of speech, as when they are arrested under arbitrary laws and imprisoned, they can no longer voice their opinions. In situations in which they are imprisoned, they lose their places at shelters, they lose the opportunity to obtain a job, they could lose whatever job they have if they have one, and their future possible career may suffer. This is because corporations and smaller businesses can and more likely than not will deny them job positions based on their record or living status, leaving them with the burden of finding a job somewhere else. This burden is also a weak form of power because their ability to choose the jobs they want are already so limited. Even if they are to obtain a job, their job will likely be insufficient as a living wage, which for Americans ranges from an average of $45,000 to $68,000 (Kolmar n.p.). In the same way, if they wanted to obtain higher education, it would be much more difficult if they have a criminal record, regardless of what laws they violated or what laws violated them. This is a violation of their basic human right to education. Homeless shelters reserve for the homeless the power to avoid being fined for living on the streets and allow them to more easily obtain a job, become more educated, obtain a more permanent residence, and (Kolmar n.p.). Another important consideration is that the public discrimination they face can wreak havoc on their dignity and self-esteem. Society sees them through critical eyes and treats them as it does criminals. The law forces them into hiding as if they should be accountable for their homelessness, then tosses away their rights in court. Businesses treat them like animals. The public insults them while mocking their disposition, shaming them into submission. Their families if they have them and they are not also homeless see them as failures or burdens that they can no longer afford to bear. Because of the stress, so many lose hope for themselves. As a result of the emotional torment and physical distress, those in destitute situations worldwide have resorted to suicide, self-harm, drugs, alcohol, prostitution.Lastly, all 3 countries are in violation of Articles 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 17, 23, 24 25 of human rights law established by the E.U. Conclusion All societies have disappointed the homeless in failing to provide them with what they need to succeed in life. Some have made noble attempts such as Finland, who is seeing its rates of homelessness decreasing. (Busch-Geertsema, ) The solution that it proposed and is employing is giving homes to the homeless. Others like the U.S. and Hungary only make it more difficult for the homeless to come out of their situations by imposing laws that effectively keep those in extreme poverty from advancing in society. It would be in every countrys interest to at least consider the longer-term benefits of reducing then eliminating homelessness. Works Cited Robertson, Marjorie J, and Milton Greenblatt. Homelessness: a National Perspective. New York: Plenum Press, 1992. Schutt, Russell K., et al. Responding to the Homeless: Policy and Practice. Plenum Press, 1992. Violations of the Human Rights of Persons Experiencing National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, www.nlchp.org/documents/sr-ep-2017. Hungarian Parliament. Hungarian Constitution. 2018, https://www.parlament.hu/irom41/00332/00332-0011.pdf Tomlinson, Akira. Hungary Constitution Bans Homeless from Living in Public Spaces. Jurist, 16 Oct. 2018, www.jurist.org/news/2018/10/hungary-constitution-bans-homeless-from-living-in-public-spaces/. Winkley, Lyndsay. About a Dozen People Arrested for Feeding the Homeless in El Cajon Park. Sandiegouniontribune.com, 16 Jan. 2018, www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/public-safety/sd-me-20180114-story.html. Henry, M., Watt, R., Rosenthal, L. and Shivji, A. (2018). The 2017 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. [online] Hudexchange.info. Available at: https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf. Kolmar, Chris. This Is How Much A Living Wage Is In Each State. Zippia, research.zippia.com/living-wage.html. Bonner, A., Luscombe, C. (2009). Suicide and homelessness. Journal of Public Mental Health, 8(3), 7-19. doi:https://dx.doi.org.jproxy.lib.ecu.edu/10.1108/17465729200900016 Busch-Geertsema, Volker. (2010) The Finnish National Programme to reduce long-term homelessness.

True Power in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay

The quest for power is one which has been etched into the minds of men throughout history. However, it can be said that true power is not a result of one’s actions but comes from the following one’s own beliefs without being influenced by others. This principle sets up the story for Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell. The protagonist, Orwell himself, is a sub divisional police officer in Burma, a British colony. Orwell must try to find and use his inner power when he is faced with the decision of whether or not to kill an elephant which has ravaged the Burman’s homes. The state of power established through the imperialistic backdrop show that Orwell, as a colonist, should be in control. As well, the perspective and ideas given by Orwell†¦show more content†¦However, any power given to him through the imperialistic setting is lost, because Orwell exists as a part of a minority in Burma. With this dilemma, Orwell notices the difficulties that come with an authoritative figure in a foreign country as, â€Å"[Orwell] was hated by a large number of people- the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me.† (144) Due to this hatred, Orwell finds his job to impose order futile because the Burmese people seem to have a tighter grasp on Orwell than Orwell himself. The Burmans appear to be enforcing their power over Orwell through their majority and he experiences this when, â€Å"A nimble Burman tripped me up on the football field and the referee (another Burman) looked the other way.† (144) These acts that the Burmans commit show that power appears to exist in the hands of the Burmese majority rather than Orwell. By placing a colonist within a colony, the writer establishes the feeling that power should lie in the hand of the colonist. However, this concept is shattered because Orwell possesses no power though the colonial setting because of the fact that the Burmese appear to be in contr ol. The lack of power present in the surroundings further enforces the fact that true power cannot come from one’s conquest or authority but only from within. The perspective and ideas given by Orwell show his true character and lessens the overall power set up for him. Although Orwell is aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shooting An Elephant By George Orwell988 Words   |  4 PagesEric Arthur Blair, or commonly known as George Orwell, is the author of many compositions. Blair, the author of two of the most famous novels of the 1920s; Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, was born in Eastern Indian. He joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma but resigned in 1927 to become a writer (BBC). Orwell’s style of writing can be described as bold and vivid. He puts the truth in his writing. Orwell’s novel, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† was published in 1936. In the novel, a colonial policemanRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1154 Words   |  5 Pageswe to defy the orders of our higher power? Are we allowed to stand up for what’s right and break the laws for our own beliefs or follow the rule of authority? Are we sheep’s who only do what we are told. Is that the same in Orwell’s case? John F Kennedy once said, â€Å"A man does what he must - in spite of personal consequences, in spite of obstacles and dangers and pressures - and that is the basis of all human morality.† Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell he touches base on morality which makesRead MoreIn the autumn of 1836, George Orwell, a British author, novelist, essayist, and critic wrote an1000 Words   |  4 Pages1836, George Orwell, a British author, novelist, essayist, and critic wrote an essay called Shooting an Elephant. In the essay, he describes his experiences as a white British imperial police officer in Burma. The story takes place in British-ruled Burma. This essay portrays Orwell’s discomfort about Imperialism. In shooting an Elephant, Orwell uses different literary techniques to portray the Imperialism collapsing. In this essay Orwell describes his experience of being pressured into shooting an ancientRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Elephant1608 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial topic, did George Orwell want to assassinate the elephant? George Orwell was a sub divisional police officer in Burma that acted under pressure. Despite several claims, George Orwell opposed imp erialism and its rules, yet his actions have muddled several and has caused them to think otherwise. In the beginning of the story, Orwell is essentially harassed and laughed at by the Burmese because he is associated with the British. One day, he is made aware that an elephant has gone loose and hasRead More The Use of Metaphors in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Metaphors in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell In the essay ?Shooting an Elephant? by George Orwell, the author uses metaphors to represent his feelings on imperialism, the internal conflict between his personal morals, and his duty to his country. Orwell demonstrates his perspectives and feelings about imperialism.and its effects on his duty to the white man?s reputation. He seemingly blends his opinions and subjects into one, making the style of this essay generally very simpleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1010 Words   |  5 Pagesforced to make can have long-lasting effects on them.†¯In Shooting an Elephant, by George Orwell, the author goes back to a situation in his life when he was a young adult where he had to make a choice between evil deeds. Many years later, the decision still haunted him. It takes place back when Orwell was a British police officer in Burma. He reevaluates his situation in life when he encounters a moral dilemma; to kill or save an elephant. Orwell is a confused and unhappy young policeman who lives inRead More Colonialism and Imperialism Exposed in Shooting an Elephant and Heart of Darkness1360 Words   |  6 PagesColonization Exposed in Shooting an Elephant and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   As a man is captured, his first instinct is to try and break free from his shackles and chains. Primal urges such as this often accompany humans when they are forced, as in capture, to rely on their most basic instincts to survive. In this manner, natives in Africa acted upon instinct when the Europeans arrived to take their land and freedom. The short story Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell and the novel HeartRead MoreShooting an Elephant bye George Orwell1019 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans a loss of dignity. George Orwell’s short story, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, is an ideal example. In the story, Orwell, the main character, works as a policeman in Burma in the 1930s for the British Empire. One day, an elephant tramples loose, and although Orwell has no intent on shooting the elephant, a mob of native Burmese pressures Orwell to shoot the elephant. He reluctantly acquiesces to prevent being humiliated. After that experience, Orwell writes â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† to demonstrate nativeRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† George Orwell achieves two achievements : he shows us his personal experience and his expression while he was in Burma; he use the metaphor of the elephant to explain to describe what Burma looked like when it was under the British Imperialism. The special about this essay is that Orwell tells us a story not only to see the experience that he had in Burma; he also perfectly uses the metaphor of the elephant to give us deep information about the Imperialism. By going throughRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 951 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Dictionary, â€Å"Power: As a quality or property. Ability to act or affect something strongly; physical or mental strength; might; vigor, energy; effectiveness.† The fundamental basis of all power is control or effectiveness, whether it is submissive, illusive, or oppressive. Is true power the ability to forcefully bend one’s will or is it the ability to sway others gently into submission? He with the iron first, does not necessarily rule. In George Orwellâ₠¬â„¢s â€Å"Shooting An Elephant,† the narrator clearly

Analysis OfThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost - 1011 Words

Robert Frost, a renowned American poet, is regarded as one of the most influential and successful poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s popularity is derived most notably from the colloquial, descriptive language he uses in his poems and the impactful themes he portrays throughout them. The popularity of Frost’s poems also emerges from the interest that is sparked by his ability to â€Å"fool† the reader and hide the true meaning behind his words. One of the most acknowledged of Frost’s poems is â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, which exemplifies his colloquial language and establishment of a complex theme; without Frost’s use of diction and tone throughout the work, the poem would not have nearly the same impression on the reader. Most importantly,†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, preceding the conclusion of the poem, Frost writes, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence† (Frost lines 16-17) . These lines produce the idea that Frost anticipates his future insincerity when discussing his choice between the roads, establishing his theme of self-deception and self-assurance when evaluating past decisions and choices in life. Through Frost’s description of the roads and his prediction of his future explanation of his decision, he produces the actual meaning behind the poem and his tone of sarcasm, which is often overlooked by readers. Notably, Frost uses colloquial language and descriptive imagery to establish a more impactful meaning and tone. Frost’s colloquial language creates, on the surface, a simple and easy-to-understand piece of literature, which may spark the interest of a larger, more varied audience. The colloquial language also creates a sense of reality for the reader, and this feeling of realness strengthens the theme of choices in the lives of ordinary people. Frost’s description of the paths allows for the reader to envision the scene of the poem and strengthens the meaning behind the work. Particularly, Frost writes, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† (Frost line 16). This line exemplifies his use of imagery to convey the tone of sarcasm and irony in his future description of the decision he has made. Frost’s colloquialShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. 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Peste Brazil free essay sample

Brazils economy outranks all other South American countries, and it is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily developed its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden towards real denominated and domestically held instruments. As the world’s largest economy and fifth largest country, Brazil is a regional economic power. It is because of its abundant agricultural, mineral, and energy resources that have led to the development of an extensive industrial base, diversified economy, and infrastructure. Lower inflation coupled with a strong currency regime, reduction in the government debt, and high commodity prices have all contributed to stable economic growth. Living standards have risen and a growing middle class has emerged leading to Brazil having moderately free markets and an inward-oriented economy. Today, Brazil is developing rapidly and it still produces and exports a great deal of coffee and sugar, as well as a vast amount of beef. We will write a custom essay sample on Peste Brazil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also very rich in minerals such as gold and gemstones. Automotive manufacture is also an important industry in Brazil. Other industries include iron, chemicals, aerospace, textiles and cement. Music is important in Brazilian culture. Sports are also very popular in Brazil, the most prominent being football. Brazil is the host of the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games of 2016. Political Stability of government Brazil is governed by a President, who will be elected once every 4 years, and 20 key ministers. Since October 2010 Dilma Rousseff of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) has been governing Brazil, making it PT’s third successive term. She is reportedly ranked 18 on the Forbes Powerful People list and ranked 3 on the Forbes Power Women list. She is also very popular among Brazilians, with 75 percent of them voted that they trust her leadership and 63 percent indicating that they view her government favourably. This indicates that there is a stability of government in the host country, bringing assurance for companies that wants to invest in Brazil. Social stability Brazil has four major labour unions which include: Sindicato dos bancarios (Banker’s association), Sindicato dos metalurgicos (Metal worker’s association), Sindicato dos comerciarios (Commerce worker’s association) and Sindicato dos professores (Teacher’s union). These four major labour unions are affiliated to three major organisations namely: Central Unica dos Trabalhadores (CUT), Coordenacao Nacional de Lutas (Conlutas) and Forca Sindical. Early this year, 50,000 Brazilians went on a march for labor rights. A total of six organization incuding CUT were involved in the organization of the march. However, marches by labour unions are not common in Brazil, lowering the operating risk. Brazil has also been famous for their tyrant drug lords and they have been a threat to the social stability as they sell drugs at a cheap rate to residents. It was also reported that when the drug addicts are desperate for drugs, they will rob homes and kill each other leading to an increase in crimes rates. The increase in crime rates will lead to an ownership risk. In attempts to improve the social stability, Brazilian police have made an effort to track down wanted drug dealers. On 11 May 2012, the Brazilian police killed a drug lord in an operation with a machine gun fire from a helicopter. This has raised awareness on the way the police carries out with their duties and it hightlighted the country’s security. However, on 9 May 2013, a video was posted on the internet showing how the police managed to stop a plane with their car. The plane contained over 230 kilograms of cocaine base paste. This case highlighted the police efficiency and effectiveness, redeeming its reputation. Relationships between governments Brazil is a member of Mercosur, an economic and political agreement among Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Venezuela, Uruguay and Bolivia. Member countries are all Brazil’s neighbouring countries and Mercosur purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of people, currency, and goods within its members. Other than maintaining good neighbouring countries relationships, Brazil also maintains good relationship with their major trading partners. Brazil major trade partner includes EU, United States (US), Japan, China and Argentina and it maintains good bilateral ties with them. Brazil knows that US is an important major trade partner and history of their bilateral ties dates back to Pre-World War II period. Their good bilateral ties could also be seen by the setting up of the Brazil U. S. Business Council. On 25 of April 2013, Argentina and Brazil president have met up to talk about bilateral ties, reaffirming strong political ties. Brazil also maintained good bilateral ties with China and it can be seen from Appendix 1. 1. Participation in International Organisations According to Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Brazil is a member of 70 International organisations such as United Nations (UN), World Trade Organisation (WTO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20). In 1945, Brazil was one of the founding members of the UN. Since 1 January 1995, Brazil has been a member of WTO. This would assure investors as this shows Brazil seriousness in wanting to trade. Furthermore, Brazil has to follow the organisations rules and regulations. Legal environment Brazil has been rated by Economist Intelligence Unit as ‘C’ in terms of the level of riskiness in 2012. This shows that over the next two years, there might be possible developments that might substantially change the environment of operating business. This is probably because of Brazil unclear legal and regulatory. Audi CEO has reportedly indicated that the unclear laws and regulations make it impossible for the company to set up a vehicle assembly there. In terms of World Competitiveness Ranking, the country scored 4. 4 out of 7 in years 2012/2013 despite government inefficiency, high inflation rate and low quality of infrastructures. Brazil jumped 5 spots to be ranked 48 out of 144 countries due to the rise in the use of Information and Communications Technology, easy financing access a fairly sophisticated business community and is one of the world’s largest internal markets. It was reported that ICT is use in Brazil’s education system, highlighting the country’s improvement. Looking into the ease of doing business, Brazil is ranked 128 in 2012. It now takes 13 procedures and 119 days to start up a business instead of 17 procedures and 157 days. French chef Pierre Cornet-Vernet mentioned to BBC news reporters that â€Å"Its like a game to set up a factory and confectionary in Brazil. Both operations have to be registered as a separate business and tax rate for the items he sells are different for each product. According to Transparency International, Brazil ranked 69 out of 174 countries in terms of the corruption level. It has done better than majority of the countries but corruptions score is a low 43, indicating that Brazil has serious corruption problems. The corruption score improved since 2010 and this could be due to Dilma Rousseff efforts to reduce corruptions. In 2011, Dilma Rousseff removed four ministers as they have been accused to misusing of public funds by the media. In 2012, a number of officials have also been repordely dismissed as they were accused of influence peddling, fraud and corruption. When it comes to government intervention in availability and content of info, The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) offer limited number of statistical data. Even though it frequently updates their website with data such as IPCA, IPP and PME (refer to appendix 1. 2), it does not update many other data such as population data (refer to appendix 1. 3). Economic When investing in a country, it is important to look at some major indicators to determine the country’s attractiveness. Appendix 1. 4 shows the important indicators that are beneficial to companies who wish to invest in Brazil. Population A market represents the number of potential consumers companies can reach out to. If a country has a high population, it would translate into a bigger market for companies. This indicator is important for companies who want to set up operations in Brazil because it helps them to estimate the number of consumers they can expect to sell their goods and services to. Since 2010, Brazil’s population have been increasing at a steady rate of 2 to 3 million each year. As of July 2012, Brazil’s population reached 199,321,413. The number is expected to rise to 201,009,622 in July this year. This means that the market size is increasing and companies can expect more consumers to purchase their goods or services, making it more attractive for companies that want to invest in Brazil. Unemployment When unemployment rate increase it shows that more local / foreign companies are investing in Brazil. This is an important indicator for a company that wants to invest in Brazil because is a gauge of whether the government policies are stable and effective. Brazil unemployment rate reached its decade low at 2012, with a low rate of only 5. 5%, down from 2011 rate of 5. 97% and 2010 rate of 6. 742%. However, this rate is expected in increase to 6% this year and 6. 5% in year 2014, making it unattractive for companies that wants to invest in Brazil. The unemployment rate may be due to Brazil’s lack of skilled labours. Currently, Brazil is experiencing a lack of skilled labours and the government is making effort to lure foreign highly skilled workers to Brazil. Economic Growth Rate An economic growth rate provides insight into the general direction and scale of growth for the overall economy without looking at inflation or deflation. The economic growth rate is essential for a company that wants to invest in Brazil as it shows the economic progress of a country. The indicator used to identify the economic growth is GDP growth rate. In 2010, Brazil registered a GDP growth rate of 7. 5%, this decrease to 2. 7% in 2011 and continues to decrease in 2012, to 0. 9%. If the GDP growth rate continues to stay at a slow rate, Brazil will be unattractive to companies as the economy is not growing well. However, it is estimated that the GDP growth rate would be 3. 10% this year and 3. 65% in year 2014, showing some signs of optimism for investors. Purchasing Power Purchasing power gives companies an estimate of how much a citizen of Brazil will spend. It is important as it helps to access the country’s standard of living. The higher the purchasing power, the more an average consumer would spend, vice versa. For purchasing power, the indicator used is GDP per capita. However, this might not be an effective as there might be outliers in the statistics, causing the data results to be reliable to a certain extent only. Brazil’s reported 2010 GDP per capita was $11,216. 095 and 2011, it increases to $12,594. A $515 decrease was seen when 2012 rate was compared with 2011’s. This indicates that Brazilians purchasing power has decreased. However, GDP per capita is expected to increase this year by $261. 83 to $12,340. 183 and a continual rising to $12,994. 678 in 2014, showing future investors a positive outlook. Inflation rate Inflation rate shows the rate at which prices of a group of specific goods and services have increased over a year. If countries have high inflation rates, it may appear unattractive to companies as this would translate into higher cost of production, a decrease in the va lue of profits, a higher cost of capital, an erosion of consumers’ purchasing power and pressure from employees to increase wages. The inflation rate in Brazil is not stable. It increased by 1. 6% from 2010 to 2011, decreased by 1. 1% from 2011 to 2012 and had once again increased to 6. 59% as of March 2013. However, the forecast inflation rate of 2014 is expected to be 4. 5%, a 2. 09% decrease from the March 2013 rate. This is not a good sign as a high inflation rate had led a sharp rise in the price of food and other consumer items. It will also make Brazil less attractive to companies whom want to maximise profit as they would need to spend more on cost of production. Degree of consumer optimism The degree of optimism reflects on how consumers feel about the economy and their personal financial situation which will directly affect the consumers’ spending activity. If the degree is high, consumers are expected to spend more, save less as they feel secure. One such indicator that calculates the degree of consumer optimism is the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI). As profit has always been at the back of the mind of companies, this indicator will allow company to see if consumers are willing to spend. When compared with the 4 year available CCI, November 2012 saw the CCI reaching its peak at 120. , indicating consumers degree of optimism. Currently, the estimated CCI for May 2013 is 113. 4, which is a decrease from 2012 figures. Balance of Payment (BOP) BOP shows investors the economic health of a country; it measures the total flow of money coming into the country minus the total flow of money going out of the country. It shows the amount of companies investing Brazil, th e import and export figures, investment income and expenditure, portfolio investment and capital of Brazil which are important to companies that wants to know more about Brazil’s financial health. There is a decrease in exports and an increase in imports from 2011 to 2012 which shows that the government has been spending more than earning. This might be one of the causes of the slow GDP growth. A deficit in CA has cause a fall in value of currency. However, the 2011 deficit was fully financed by foreign direct investment, which presented strong inflows throughout the year in a demonstration of continued foreign investor confidence in the Brazilian economy. In 2011, FDIs investments reach $66. billion, an $18. 1 billion increase from the previous year. However, foreign investors were less confident about Brazil in 2011 when it came to portfolio investments. The net inflow of portfolio side in 2011 amounted to 17. 5 billion, a sharp decrease in 2010 which was 67. 8 billion. Many foreign investors pulled out of Brazilian stocks and bonds in 2011 as the government hiked taxes on different investment options during the course of the year. From 2011 to 2012, FDI slightly decrease by approximately 1 billion. It was enough to cover its current account deficit. Foreign investment has remained steady in Brazil as investors see more opportunities in the South American rather than in Europe or United States. Brazil is expected to keep attracting foreign capital in coming years due to the 2014 World Cup soccer tournament and the 2016 Olympics. Socio-Cultural Factors Language Portuguese the official language of Brazil is the mirror of Brazil’s culture, it is the main means of communication among individuals (spoken by more than 99% of the population). Brazil also emphasizes on high context when it comes to doing business. Its agreement is based on trust, negotiations are slow and rituals and they values personal relations and goodwill. In Brazil, low emphasis is placed on punctuality and precise plans. Meetings are also often hindered or cancelled without any preceding warning. Value and attributes The Brazilians values relationship and that it is essential to get to know a business partner personally and professionally. Brazil is a society that places great positioning of family in the social structure. It practices nepotism where family members are found to be working in the same company as this signifies a sign of trust, which Brazilians highly values. Due to economic instability, hyperinflation and difficult government policies, Brazilians focuses more on short term rather than long term planning, making them present-orientated. Manners and Customs In Brazil, Brazilians prefer to entertain business partners in restaurants rather than at their homes. However, if entertained at home, it is polite to send flowers thanking the host. Brazilian men and women greet each other by exchanging kisses by placing their cheeks together and kissing the air. Religion and Beliefs 73. 6% of the people in Brazil are Catholic whereas the minorities are Protestant, Spiritualist and Bantu/voodoo. As Catholicism is the predominant religion in Brazil, many of events held in Brazil have a strong Catholic influence. (Refer to appendix 1. 5) Technology Infrastructure According to the World Economic Forum, Brazil Networked Readiness Index (NRI) increased by 5 ranks in 2013, the nation is current ranked 60 out of 142 countries. This shows the improvement in the readiness to use ICT to boost competitiveness and well-being. In 2011, Brazil, the 6th biggest civil aviation industry in the world, carried 87 million passengers. It is also the top 25 list of the world’s largest freight industries. (Appendix 1. 6) In time for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, Brazil airports will see an array of improvements in infrastructure and services in the near future, thanks to the Logistics Investment Program: Airports, launched on Dec. 20, 2012 by Brazil president. The program saw Brazil opening two of its international airports, Rio de Janeiros Galeao airport and Belo Horizontes Confins airport, to private investors for modernising planning. Many reputed international companies have recorded high growth in Brazil’s telecommunication industry as the number of broadband subscribers per 100 subscribers has increased by 30 percent. (Appendix 1. 7) Brazil is ranked 45 out of 155 countries and scored 3. 13 in the World Bank’s logistic performance index (LPI). The score is a 0. 7 decrease when compared with its 2010 score. Information Technology (IT) Brazil takes up more than 45% of total money in Latin America’s IT market, making it the largest in the region. The country, an innovator and early adapter of new technologies, seen an 11% growth in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector for the period 2008-2013. In April 2013, Brazil’s Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation announced that it is willing to invest $78 million for locals and foreign companies to build tech companies catering to the Brazilian consumer and creating local jobs. This will benefit the locals who would have a job and higher technological goods. It will also benefit foreign investors who need funding. Skill level of workforce According to the World Bank, Brazil Technicians in Research and Development (RD) (per million people) have increased by 110 (per million people) from 2008 to 2010. (Appendix 1. 8) This shows that more and more people are taking up higher skilled jobs. Environmental Ranking in number 9 on the top ten countries that faces the most natural disasters, Brazil has one of the most natural disasters that affects the life and property of many people living in it. Deforestation One of the major and current issues faced in Brazil is deforestation. Even though Brazil deforestation rate has decreased nearly 80% since 2005, Brazil still has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. To stop this phenomenon, the Brazilian government strives toward the preservation and sustainable development of the Brazilian biomes. Pollution Pollution from industry and vehicle exhaust fumes is a problem in Rio and Belo Horizonte. Since 1976, the government made it mandatory to blend anhydrous ethanol with gasoline, fluctuating between 10% to 22%. In order to solve the problem, the government of Brazil has implemented a policy to reduce daily traffic usage by rotation system. In the rural areas, pesticides and industrial waste and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems due to the installation of hydroelectric plants led to water pollution. Additionally, heavy shipping activities and offshore oil drilling caused many marine species to be endangered due to the oil spills. Poor waste management Another environmental issue faced by Brazil is the poor waste management. To address this issue, international organizations such as United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has been working with Brazil to create a sustainable waste management system that promotes environmental preservation and conservation along with the protection of public health. Natural disasters Due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, businesses in the affected area will definitely be affected. In January 2011, there was a flood in the mountainous resort areas north of Rio de Janeiro which led to the death of 800 due to mudslides and floods. Fortunately, businesses such as the hotel operations managed to recover from the disaster in and around 85% of the affected hotels resumed operations within 30 days. Beside the efficient crisis teams, the Brazilian governments also help in the recovery of the affected cities and promote actions to rebuild the tourism image of the region through international and national campaigns. Conclusion To conclude, Political, Economic, Socio cultural, Technological and Environment (PESTE) plays an important role in any countries attractiveness for investment. Lacking in any of these factors, especially political factor, will cause a lost in investors. After looking at Brazil PESTE factor, our group concludes that Brazil is a feasible place to invest in. Political Brazil has a stable government, stable labour unions, maintains good relationships with neighouring countries and major trading partners, participates in international organisation and an improving legal system. Even though Brazil’s legal system may not be very attractive, it is certainly improving. This could be due to President Dilma efforts to remove corruptions and improving the ease of doing business. However, companies that want to invest in Brazil must be prepared to face possible delays and unexpected taxes. The nation’s good relationships with neighbouring countries and major trading partners will give investor a peace of mind and will reduce Brazil to countries transfer risk. However, Brazil is lacking in the area of security, which leads to high ownership risk due to the prominent influence of drug lords. The government can help to improve Brazil’s social stability by allocating a higher budget to the Ministry of Defense. allowing the Police to purchase better equipment and machinery. Additionally, the ministry can also consider sending the police for enhancement courses so that they will know how to deal with various situations better. It will also improve the police effectiveness and efficiency to ensure and this will in turn result in a lower crime rate. Economic This year, Brazil’s GDP growth and GDP per capita are expected to rise, showing signs of optimism for countries that wants to invest in Brazil as it shows that the economy is growing and that consumers will spend more on goods and services investing companies produce. Even though Brazil inflation rates are relatively high now, the number is expected to decrease in 2014. This would bring ease for investors, who want to invest in Brazil as investors can expect lower cost of production, maximising their profits. Additionally, companies will not be hit by current inflation price directly because it takes a long time before companies can start their operations in Brazil. The constant increase in population is a good sign for investors as it shows the increasing market. Additionally, Brazil’s CCI does not fall below 100, making Brazil relatively optimistic and safe for investors who want to invest in the country as the can be assured that they are reaching out to a market that would buy their goods and services. The higher unemployment rate is unattractive and will affect a company’s decision on whether they should invest in Brazil because it shows that it the country’s government policies may not be working well. Additionally, the lack of skilled labour can be factor as it indicates that top management post may not be filled up and this can be worrying because in a high context business environment like Brazil, it is better to have locals filling up the managerial position. Companies should invest in Brazil as it will help to improve Brazil’s economy. With more foreign direct investments, it will help to create jobs for people in the country and it will improve their standard of living. On top of that, it will help to curb inflation rate and reduce cost of living in Brazil. The government can try to cut down on its spending on imports to close its current account deficit gap which will increase its currency value. It is a good chance for foreign investors investing in Brazil especially with the upcoming 2014 World Cup soccer tournament and 2016 Olympics. A lot of tourists will visit Brazil during that period of time and spent their money in that country thus increasing their revenue. This will in turn improve Brazil’s economy. Therefore with their stable economy for the past three years, Brazil is a suitable country to invest in. Socio -Cultural Primarily, after analysing, the social –cultural factor of Brazil, our group feels that if companies that want to break into the Brazilian market should have the connections or relationship even before entering the market. Additionally, the companies should get a Portuguese spoken employee to represent them in the country so as to gain market insight and building relationships. Due to Brazil high context culture, employees that represent the company for discussion in Brazil should have high patience. High patience is essential as Brazilians place low emphasis on punctuality and meetings could be delayed or cancelled without prior warning. Initially, companies may face some difficulties establishing relationship as it may be deemed as â€Å"troublesome†. However, it is a long term benefit after a relationship has been established. Technology Brazil infrastructure has been improving and this is a good sign. Infrastructures are important as it is the structure of a country and it will make transportation of goods easier, improving the country’s efficiency, making it attractive for foreign investors. The increase in the number of people in RD gives investor a positive outlook as it shows an increasing number of Brazil’s skilled labour. But investors must keep in mind that there is still an overall shortage of skilled labour. However, the decrease in Brazil’s LPI could be a worrying factor for companies that want to invest in Brazil. Companies that want to invest there must be prepared to face logistics issues. Environment Environmental issues are difficult to manage because natural disaster cannot be prevented. From the 2011 recovery case, we can tell how experience Brazil’s management companies are in such downturn issues. The fact that they managed to resume business within a month, even though the area is heavily damaged, shows that the companies have good crisis management plans. With its good unexpected crisis management, this proved to be one of the strengths that the Brazilian companies possess that will put foreign investors’ mind at ease.

Medical Esthetics Essay Example

Medical Esthetics Paper Medical esthetics is an evolving field in the therapeutic and medical sphere. It specializes in the use of advanced cosmetic lasers and other treatments to treat a full spectrum of both cosmetic and medical conditions that range from vascular and pigmented skin imperfections, hair removal, skin rejuvenation, and collagen regeneration, to more physically and emotionally debilitating conditions such as cystic acne and acne scarring, Rosacea removal and scar reduction to name just a few. Medical estheticians adopt holistic approaches in treating their patients’ conditions. They look at the cause of a condition rather than just the symptoms to formulate an effective treatment plan. According to the American Medical Aesthetics (AMA) corporation, this concept is vital in order to deliver exceptional results for which medical esthetics have come to be known, with little or no downtime. The AMA Corporation says further, â€Å"Lasers are unique in their ability to specifically target tissues below the surface of the skin and transfer energy to the root cause. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Esthetics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Esthetics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Esthetics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By understanding each laser’s purpose, we can treat the condition with just enough energy from the right combination of laser frequencies to precisely affect the tissue. We look for what is called the ‘therapeutic threshold,’ which is the exact amount of energy needed to get a desired result – eliminating the downtime that is associated with over treating an area. † Esthetics is a rapidly emerging profession which specializes in skin and body care. There has evolved two types of practice in relation to esthetics. One is cosmetic esthetics and medical esthetics. Though both are concerned with enhancing the beauty of a client’s skin, cosmetic esthetics is limited to using make-up/cosmetic ingredients, their chemistry and use, and some skin care treatments offered in salons. The procedures that cosmetic estheticians perform include the following: organic, European and American facials; waxing and exfoliation; face, hand arm massage; cleansing and toning techniques; enzymes, ampoules, finishing masks; makeup/cosmetic ingredients, their chemistry and use; the basic anatomy and physiology of the skin; skin analysis and special treatments; and use of electrical current and esthetics equipment. While career opportunities for cosmetic estheticians may be any one of the following: Commercial Makeup Artist; Skin Technician; Cosmetic Merchandising; Cosmetics Sales; Cosmetic Buyer; Product Promotion; Skin Care Salon Owner; Teacher of Esthetics; Cruise Ship Esthetician. Medical esthetics, on the other hand, is concerned about the effects of time, lifestyle stressors, and even environmental stresses that can harm the skin. Therefore, maintenance treatments are necessary to prolong and enhance healthier more beautiful skin. The Medical Aestheticians are licensed skin care practitioners who perform the critical function of performing extractions and skin nourishing treatments as well as designing a home care regimen for each patient that assists the patient in remaining engaged in long term care and maintenance. These medical estheticians also perform customized facials so treatment results are better. And with these, patients are handled with TLC or tender love and care. As patients are under the long-term care of medical estheticians, they are able to maximize the results achieved by laser procedures. Medical estheticians are considered specialists who invest heavily in the tools of their trade. They invest in multiple lasers, as well as the most advanced, state-of-the-art lasers for the purpose of treating a wide variety of conditions and skin types. Their approach in treating various skin conditions is holistic, meaning to be a medical esthetician is to be interested in getting to the root cause of a condition to treat it at the source, rather than just treating surface conditions that are often a temporary solution. And for them, education is an ongoing process for the benefit of their patients. They continually educate themselves about the latest modalities in skin care in order to deliver consistent results time and again. The medical estheticians also educate their patients so they may better understand how their treatment interacts with their whole body and thereby help them achieve significant results. The job market for medical estheticians is extensive. Medical estheticians may launch and build a medical esthetics practice by setting up their own clinics, manage a clinic, teach in the field of medical esthetics, become a patient coordinator; go into marketing management, and more. Due to expanded clinical responsibilities in plastic surgeons and dermatologists practices expert esthetic clinicians with broad educational backgrounds and the appropriate credentials are urgently needed and are in great demand. According to the Victoria L. Rayner’s Center for Appearance and Esteem, the critical deficiency in supply of properly trained medical estheticians for health care services is widely recognized as a serious problem by practicing physicians. This is because physicians tend to complain often of the limited competence of inadequately trained personnel. Hence, accredited estheticians that have been properly trained and certified are being sought and hired. Medical estheticians may perform various procedures and some of these are the following: HBOT or Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy; computer complexion analysis; laser facelift; laser surgery procedure for pigmented discoloration of the skin such as color blending and age or sun spot removal; laser procedure for vascular discoloration like defined veins, broken capillaries, cherry angioma, generalized redness and microvasculature, and rosacea. They may also offer laser procedure for deep collagen regeneration and remodeling; laser procedure for â€Å"peel and resurfacing† or accelerated epidermal regeneration; and laser procedure for amber led photo-modulation. Other procedures performed include but are not limited to: pigmented lesion removal; age spot removal; age spot reduction; melasma reduction; cystic acne reduction / removal; spider vein laser removal (varicose vein removal / reduction); epidermal laser peel; dermal collagen remodeling procedures to remove surgical scars, acne scars, and stretch marks; permanent hair removal; dermal rejuvenation to treat wrinkles; Botox treatment; Restylane, an FDA-approved dermal filler; medical spas; and wrinkle reduction. Medical estheticians have more edge when it comes to knowledge and practice of esthetics. They may know what the cosmetic estheticians know and practice plus more. This is because medical estheticians become experts through training in cosmetically camouflaging and normalizing the appearance of disfigured patients aside from being knowledgeable in all aspects of camouflage therapy; they are also well equipped when it comes to dermatologic diagnosis and treatment methods, commonly prescribed medications for skin conditions (topical systemic), including the investigation of OTC medications. Other areas of expertise to medical estheticians which can be of more profit to them are the following: acne management; cellular rejuvenation; allergies and inflammatory disorders commonly seen by dermatologists; eczema and the medical estheticians role in its management; erythema and telangiectasia; positive and negative aspects of facial treatments; age associated skin changes, exploration of the causes of aging and how to minimize its effects; photosensitivity; pre-cancers of the skin; laser therapy; reactions to cosmetics; categorizing standard cosmetic formulations; the difference between drugs and cosmetics; facts about cleansing preparation; exploring micropigmentation; and indications of hormonal dysfunctions.

9 Ways To Avoid Being The Office Jerk

9 Ways To Avoid Being The Office Jerk We all have crazy coworkers- and that’s not even counting the guys going AWOL on the printer in an abandoned field. But you don’t have to be the office psycho to make an enemy of yourself at work. Here are nine things not to do on the job- or really ever.1. Don’t lieEven if it’s a little white lie with good intentions, it can easily get out of hand. Getting caught up in a lie, however, will only make it harder for your coworkers to trust you†¦ and for you to respect yourself.2. Don’t gossipBut†¦ work is dull, and that secret is just so juicy Still,  hold on to your schadenfreude and keep quiet about your coworkers’ misery. You won’t hurt anybody’s feelings, and no one will think you’re a spiteful grump.3. Don’t  be a downerEverybody hates their job a little- at least once in a while. But don’t be the one who’s constantly complaining. It’s a bummer and will bring the whole group do wn, plus it will make you look like a total downer. Remember how replaceable you are!4. Don’t ExplodeNo, seriously. We all want to go AWOL on the printer. Or occasionally even our boss. Before you pick up that stapler to hurl it at your coworker, remember: it might make you feel better, but it’s really just an easy way to get fired. Once you become the office crazy person, there’s no coming back.5. Don’t  hog all the creditEven if you feel you did the lion’s share, taking credit for someone else’s work or ideas is just a jerk move, plain and simple. Keep it classy, and focus on what you can accomplish.6. Don’t bragPlaying it cool is the strongest possible move when you’ve done something excellent. Give the impression that you’re that good all the time, rather than crowing about every small success.7. Don’t  backstabBe sensitive to the climate you work in, and the hierarchy. Don’t go over anybody’ s head or talk about anyone behind their back. (And just hope your coworkers do you the same courtesy.)8. Don’t  eat gross stuffNo, really. That leftover flounder your boyfriend made you is just going to stink up the microwave, the kitchenette, your cubicle, and the entire office. Don’t be the one who brings in smelly leftovers and makes everybody nauseous. If you wouldn’t eat it on an airplane, don’t bring it into work.9. Don’t burn bridgesEven if you do have to peace out, resist the urge to do it in dramatic fashion. You’re invariably hurting your coworkers more than your boss, and you never know when you might need the connections you have made.These sound like outrageous behaviors, but it’s quite easy to be driven to them gradually. So check your ego, stay calm, and make sure to keep your head above the fray.

Analysis of the Process Description of the Property Assignment

Analysis of the Process Description of the Property - Assignment Example   Demand for inspection is required to comply with Form 24 of the Appendix to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure) A motion is an application to a court for relief, guidance, protection or assistance and can be made either orally or in writing at any time during a trial. However, if a motion is an originating process it must be made in writing. By its very definition and nature, a motion contains four relevant parts despite the fact that there is no real statutory provision mandating these four requisite parts. (Blanchard, p. 463) The most obvious part of the motion begins with a statement of the relief or assistance and the actual order the party moving the courts wishes to obtain by way of the motion. This part of the motion should be followed by a statement of the legal authority for which the application by way of motion can be made. The legal authority is typically contained in the Rules of Civil Procedure. For example, the applicant can make a motion to dismiss on the grounds that the complainant fails properly state a claim contrary to Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Blanchard, p. 464) The third part of the motion will usually state the grounds upon which the applicant is moving the court as well as the court’s authority to entertain the motion. The grounds relied upon are no more than the reasons for making the application and the court’s authority to grant the relief based upon the reasons stated. The fourth and final part of the motion will provide the court with the e vidence giving rise to the grounds for the motion. This evidence will consist of relevant affidavits and exhibits. (Blanchard, p. 463)   

John Lewis new product 4p's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John Lewis new product 4p's - Essay Example John Lewis has come up with one of the interesting range of products in the children department and one of their latest hits seems to be that of Childtablet (Barker and Angelopulo, 2005). In this paper, let us see the marketing strategy that can be used in order to promote the product Childtablet in the market. Any marketing strategy has Four Ps as their crux based on which all of the marketing activities are carried out. According to Baker and Hart (2007), Product strategy is the ground for a product’s competitiveness and also the maintenance of its position in the market. John Lewis is one of the most established names not only in the UK market but has a good standing all over the world. Products from John Lewis have a competitive advantage over the other educational electronic tablets that are out there in the market. All of John Lewis kid products have done good business so far and people give importance to brand factor very much. When it comes to pricing, it is better to provide some discount offers or promotional offers in the beginning so that people will get used to the product. Once the quality of the product gets established then pricing will not be an issue. In order to gain a winning edge over the competitors, it become absolutely necessary to monitor the competitor price and provide a slightly lesser price than that. Demand and supply forms are the basic when it comes to pricing (Onkvisit S and Shaw J J 2008). As per Smith (2003), Place constitutes the most important aspect when it comes to marketing. John Lewis is a world renowned store that has more number of visitors each day thus it becomes easier to sell the Child Tablet through the outlets. Also, John Lewis has a wide spread branch of department store all over Britain and also some parts of the world. Thus the product can be market both indigenously as well as in the international market. Distributing the child tablets to places that has a good record

HIV Patients Should Have Equal Access to Kidney Transplantation Essay Example for Free

HIV Patients Should Have Equal Access to Kidney Transplantation Essay HIV infection may be obtained by patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) through blood transfusions, renal allograft, sexual contacts, or needle sharing of drug addicts. Viral infection or HIV-associated nephropathy can cause renal failure. In the early 1980’s, prognosis of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was very low, and survival rate of HIV-infected individuals with ESRD was miserable. Accordingly, several people even doubted the worth of providing continuance dialysis to patients with AIDS. Due to progress in diagnostic techniques in serologic and viral markers of disease, and use of extremely efficient antiretroviral agents, the prognosis of HIV-positive individuals has radically improved. Today, skills and knowledge in hemodialysis are effective modes of therapy and many centers, though some are reluctant, are now starting to practice renal transplantation in HIV-infected patients. Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV infects CD4+ T cells, making the immune system weak as these cells malfunctions. Abnormal activation ofCD8= T cells may contribute to the loss of both CD4+ AND CD8+ T cells through apoptosis, which may represent a major cause of infected and non-infected cell death in HIV infection. Many HIV-infected individuals proliferative responses to recall antigens, irradiated stimulator peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy, unrelated donors, or T cell mitogens (Roland Stock, 2003). HIV infection can worsen existing renal disease and can trigger pathologically distinct disease named HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with severe cystic tubular lesions, leading to chronic renal failure. Renal syndromes include: fluid and electrolyte malfunction, proteinuria, nephrotic disease, progressive azotemia, inflamed kidneys, and fast succession to end stage renal disease (ESRD). HIV-infected patients who developed renal disease have short survival span. Transplantation process may increase the risk of HIV-infected patients in accelerating the depletion and dysfunction of their CD4+ T cells, which may further result in the development of more serious and complicated disease, such as AIDS, making HIV replication harder to control. On the other hand, immunosuppression might reverse the immuno-pathology associated with HIV disease (Roland Stock, 2003). End Stage Renal Disease  When the kidney totally lost its ability to filter waste from the circulatory system, renal failure finally meet the end stage renal disease or ESRD, the final stage of nephropathy or the premeditated degeneration of the kidneys. In 1998, over eighty-six thousand patients received therapy for treating ESRD in the United States. Autonomously, Medicare expenditures rose to 12. 9 billion dollars from 12 billion in 1998. The total cost of ESRD program through medicare was 17. 9 billion and is now projected to be 28. 3 billion dollars by 2010 (Winsett et al, 2002). The most common causes of ESRD include diabetic nephropathy, systemic arteral hypertension, glomerulonephrities, and polycystic kidney disease. In the case of ESRD, GFR declines to less than 10mL/min/m2, once it declines to that level, the normal hemeostatic function of the kidneys can not be sustained anymore. Whatever the cause, if untreated, ESRD may cause severe infection and even death to the patient. When the kidney function decline to less than twelve percent to fifteen percent, the patient survival will depend on the kidney transplantation and the therapies associated to it (Winsett et al, 2002). Chronic Dialysis versus Kidney Transplantation According to the New England Journal of Medicine (1999), transplantation is superior in saving life than long-term dialysis. The mortality rates were analyzed among over 200, 000 patients who underwent dialyses for ESRD and only twenty-three thousand received a kidney. Based on the research, patients who undergo transplantation live twice more than the projected years of life of patients who remained on the waitlist having dialysis. A successful transplantation improves the quality of life and lessens the mortality rate for many patients. Moreover, it consumes less time and energy. However, this procedure may cause bleeding, damage, and infection to other organs inside the body, even death can occur. That is why after transplantation, patients must undergo immunosuppression process for a lifetime period to monitor signs of rejection (Berns, 2007). Despite the greater risks, when it comes to quality and length of life, a transplanted kidney is more preferred. It’s man over machine. Statistics Over ten thousand kidney transplantations are being performed each year on patients with ESRD. Records show that patients who undergo kidney transplantation live longer than those who are just taking dialysis; but eight to nine patients on the waitlist die every day due to scarcity of organs to be used in the transplantation. Cadaveric kidney supply has an average of more than two years to come, and only 15-20 % of patients in the list were granted to receive them. The condition of renal failure and what causes them have direct effects on the transplantation rates of patients. Individuals with cystic kidney disease (25. 5%), obstructive nephropathy (24. 9%), and glomerulonephrities (23. 2%) have the utmost successful transplantation rate while patients having diabetes (13. 3%) and hypertension (8. 5%) have the lowest rates (Wallace, 1998). Why transplantation should be considered in HIV-infected patients? Organ malfunction has been the principal grounds of morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, AIDS-related complication is only secondary. Before, immunosuppression was thought to be an unconditional contraindication in the circumstance of HIV infection, now, it is gradually more valued that immune activation is a major aspect of HIV pathogenesis. Consequently, immunosuppression has advantageous effects in people with HIV infection through temperance of immune activation or reduction of HIV reservoirs. Some specific immunosuppressant agents also have antiviral properties or interact synergistically with certain antiretroviral agents (Roland Stock, 2003). Reasons for reluctance of performing Kidney Transplantation for HIV-infected patients: In a survey conducted to 248 renal transplant centers in The U. S. in 1998, 148 requires HIV testing of prospective kidney recipients and that the vast majority denies patients with HIV to undergo transplantation. Most centers believe that transplantation is not suitable for HIV-infected patients (Spital A. , 1998). Before, chronic dialysis was the only option for treating ESRD of HIV-infected patients for fear of increased morbidity and mortality due to therapeutic immunosuppression. The allocation of cadaver kidneys to these patients was also considered improper due to expected inferior patient graft survival (Anil Kumar et al. , 2005). Also, according to the research led by Professor Andrew Grulich from the University of the New South Wales’ National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Search (NCHECR), immune deficiency is responsible for the increased risk of contracting several types of cancer than the general population. HIV patients are eleven times more expected to develop Hodgkin’s lymphoma while there is almost four times the risk for those who had transplants (Staff Writers, 2007). Professor Grulich further proposed that people’s immune system must be maintained at a higher level through the use of anti-retroviral drugs. The main historical exclusion of HIV-infected patients with ESRD was rooted in the coherent basis that immunosuppression necessary for organ transplantation would aggravate an already immunocompromised state. Although there were numerous initial reports signifying worse outcomes after solid organ transplantation in HIV seropositive recipients, there have been reports as well suggesting there were no unpleasant effects of HIV infection on allograft survival (University of California, 2007). Indeed, there have been two reports of HIV-infected patients going through liver or renal transplantation who demonstrated normal graft function for at least eight years following the transplant. The HIV status of the two was unknown at the time of transplantation; therefore no endeavors were prepared to adjust immunosuppressive therapy. The distinction in these studies may recount to differences in the time of HIV acquisition, with those of longstanding HIV infection prior to transplantation having a faster end relative to those who acquired HIV infection at the time of transplantation. Regardless of standard cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive treatments, there was no proof of OI or progression to AIDS in the first eight years following transplantation (Roland Stock, 2003). There are multiple other reports of patients with HIV who had gone through transplantation and demonstrated long-term graft survival in the presence of immunosuppression with variable rates of developing AIDS or death. Six of eleven renal allografts were functioning at a mean follow-up of thirty-one months (Roland Stock, 2003). Effects of Immunosuppressant Agents In order to avoid rejection reaction of the body against transplanted organs, immunosuppressant drugs are being taken to block the immune system from attacking the transplanted organ and preserving its function. As side effect, these drugs can help in HIV progress to AIDS. However, recent studies show that these drugs can also contribute in the reduction of HIV. Inactive T lymphocytes serve as a vital reservoir for HIV regardless of HAART. Immunosuppression may affect the reservoir of HIV-infected cell that persist throughout HAART through reduction of cell-associated HIV by either direct inhibition of viral replication, potentiation of HAART effects, or exhaustion of infected cells and lessening in the accessibility of permissive target cells by preventing T-cell activation. Otherwise, improvement in viral reservoirs can be caused by reduced immune management of HIV-expressing cells (Roland Stock, 2003). Ethical and Medical Issues Organ shortage is one of the ethical issues in organ transplantation. One distributive fairness criteria is equal access which include length of time waiting (first come, first saved basis), and age (youngest to oldest). The supporters of this criteria has a strong belief that since kidney transplantation can save live, it is an important remedial practice and worth offering to anyone who needs it (Center for Bioethics, 2004). The second type is the maximum benefit, aiming to maximize the quantity of successful transplants. The maximum benefit criteria include medical need (the sickest people are being prioritized for a transplantable organ), and probable success of a transplant (giving organs to the person who will be most likely to live the longest). People who support the maximum benefit philosophy aspire to avoid the wasting of organs, which are quite scarce, so that the greatest benefit is derived from every available organ (Center for Bioethics, 2004). During the Pre-HAART era, HIV-infected patients have a very poor prognosis, many people believes that it would be a waste to use the limited supply of organ to those group of patients that is why many transplant centers are reluctant to practice the transplantation. However, now that the HAART has been launched and the mortality and morbidity rate has been decreasing, it would be unethical to withhold this option in the absence of evidence that it is either unsafe or ineffective. Advancement in HIV Therapy: HAART era Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been the primary improvement in the treatment of HIV-infected patients in the previous decade. Numerous studies and observations had proven that advantageous outcomes of HAART also include improvement of HIV-related renal complications. Virologic and histologic evidences imply that HIVAN perhaps the result of HIV-1 reproduction in the kidney. The potential relation of HIVAN with HIV-1 replication in the kidney is associated with epidemiologic and medical records showing that HAART may improve HIVAN. On the other hand, from nephrologist’s perspective, one effect of this achievement has been the emergence of new kidney diseases related to (1) enhanced management of the HIV infection and (2) the prospective nephroxicity of antiretroviral treatments. According to the studies of MD Roland and Stock, medical tests have confirmed apparent survival benefits linked with the use of protease inhibitor (PI)-containing or non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptate inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens (HAART). Epidemiologic statistics show reduced mortality, hospitalization rates, and opportunistic infection (OI) incidence associated with HAART. There have been vivid decline in new AIDS-related OIs, the majority of which are now occurring in people with low CD4+ T cell counts and those who are not receiving medical care (University of California, 2007). Epidemiologic and modeling information sustain the clinical trial efficacy data, signifying that HAART has a considerable effect on medical result (Roland Stock, 2003). Survival Rate Using the United States Kidney Data System (USRDS) data, the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology analyzed and studied these inputs to find out whether recipient HIV serologic status remains the primary factor in graft and patient survival in modern clinical transplantation. Ninety-five percent of the HIV-infected patients survived after transplantation and only 4. 3% died. Although in the earlier USRDS studies of kidney recipients before the introduction of HAART, the results showed that HIV-infected recipients had a survival of eighty-three percent while the uninfected patients have eighty-eight percent survival rates. While endurance records of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients is almost the same, selection bias may have occurred, prioritizing the healthier patients than HIV-infected individuals. Also, in the studies of MD Roland, data showed that graft survival and rejection rates of HIV-infected patients who had gone through transplantation were similar to those HIV-negative patients (Roland Stock, 2003). Studies and Observations Methods. This study aims to observe safety and success of kidney transplantation, and learn the effects of immunosuppressant treatments on HIV infection, with the approval of the Institutional evaluation board of two universities: the Drexel University College of Medicine and Hahnemann University Hospital. Forty-five recipients with HIV infection from February 2001 to January 2004 were observed. Patient inclusion criteria were maintenance of HAART, plasma HIV-1 RNA of 400 copies per milliliter, absolute CD4 counts of at least 200 cells per micro liter. Immunosuppressant treatment includes the use of basiliximab stimulation and maintenance with cyclosporine, sirolimus, and steroids while HAART was still being applied after the transplant. Biopsy detected acute rejection; methylprednisolone was used as a treatment. Every after twelve months, surveillance biopsies are being done and evaluations include testing for subclinical acute rejection, chronic allograft nephropathy, and HIVAN (Anil Kumar et al. 2005). Results. The results demonstrated that patients with HIV infection who maintained HAART are capable of increasing an immune reaction, as proven by twenty-five percent rejection rate, signifying allograft reactivity is preserved and that no immunosuppression will lead to allograft rejection. The data showed that the combination of HAART and low-dose immunosuppressant drugs is not associated with serious adverse effects (Anil Kumar et al, 2005). The records show one- and two-year patient survival rate of eighty-five percent and eighty-two percent respectively, in comparison to the reported fifty-eight percent and forty-one percent survival of patients on dialysis. The United States Renal Data System accounted a one-year death rate of 32. 7% in HIV patients uphold on dialysis. The graft survival in this series of HIV-infected recipients is comparable to the UNOS data on non-HIV recipients (Anil Kumar et al, 2005). The monitoring of combined immunosuppression and HAART due to major drug interactions needs thorough supervision and synchronized care of transplant professionals, pharmacists, and HIV specialists. The overall result of this study proves that kidney transplantation in selected HIV-positive patients who were maintained on effective HAART is safe and has higher one to two year patient survival compared to dialysis treatment of selected HIV patients. Actual graft survival in HIV recipients is equivalent to other high-risk groups. The patients observed didn’t developed AIDS or opportunistic infection caused by immunosuppressant agents. Therefore, positive HIV status should not be considered a contraindication for kidney transplantation in selected patients. Conclusion Ethical concerns and safety of transplantation and post-transplant immunosuppressant treatment in HIV-positive recipients advances radically in recent years. Due to improvements in morbidity and mortality, the safety of this complicated intervention was further evaluated. The preliminary outcomes are promising. Proper management and control of transplantation team will determine the success of the renal transplantation. Since many advancements and developments regarding the HIV therapy, kidney transplantation is now possible for HIV-infected patients as morbidity and mortality rate keeps on decreasing. Therefore, with all the results of the research studies and observations, there is sufficient evidence that can support the equal access of patients with HIV infection on kidney transplantation.