Narrative Writing Assessment Essay

Warm up the prompt by reading something short, such as a picture book, that matches the prompt. †¢ The prompt is to be â€Å"loose†, that is the student can write on any subject that comes to mind, tweaking the prompt to fit him/her. †¢ The mode of the piece is narrative. This simply means a personal experience. †¢ The maximum time to write is 30 minutes. When the student is finished, proceed with other assessments or share the pieces you wrote to one another. †¢ The teacher writes as well. This encourages and motivates the student, showing him/her you value the writing †¢ This piece is to be an â€Å"on-demand† piece. This means that the writer is not to recopy. It is expected to be a rough draft. †¢ Provide composition paper with lines, or use the spiral and tear the paper out. You can cut off the messy ripped paper along the side if you want later. †¢ The primary â€Å"topics† to use are subjects many authors write about: a favorite person, place or thing. Writers usually tell about their favorite using the narrative mode because the narrative, a true story that follows a story line, is more interesting. Narrative Writing Assessment Protocols Picture Books Matching the Topics: Place All the Places to Love (MacLachlan) If You’re Not from the Prairie (Bouchard) The Canoe (Gary Paulsen) Person My Rotten Redheaded Brother (Palocco) Thank You Mr. Falker (Palocco) My Great Aunt Arizona (Houston) Thing (can be an object or a pet) My Grandpa Was a Cowboy (the ring—Silky Sullivan) The Worry Stone (Dengler). Everybody Needs a Rock (Baylor) What to say: â€Å"Today we are going to write a narrative about something–anything—that matters to you or comes to your mind about a favorite person, place or thing. Tell your piece like a story, that is, something happens. When we were younger, all of us have had something or someone or someplace that comes to mind that stands out. Which would you like to write about? (Show the student the three books, one on a favorite person, one a place, etc. The student selects. ) Pick a favorite to write about: person, place or thing. I’ll read you the picture book you pick to help stimulate some ideas. † Scoring Protocols: †¢ Use the â€Å"3† anchor papers for each grade from third through twelfth to find a match between the anchor and your student’s writing. This is holistic scoring. Record the grade and date. †¢ Count by estimating the number of words the student wrote. Record. †¢ Record how many minutes he/she wrote. †¢ Find two or three things that are strengths to use as specific reinforcements to share with the student the next day. What you notice and show to the student will be repeated in future writing.

Ethernet as a Network Topology

Ethernet is the most widely used network topology. You can choose between bus and star topologies, and coaxial, twisted-pair, or fiber optic cabling. But with the right connective equipment, multiple Ethernet-based LANs (local area networks) can be linked together no matter which topology and/or cabling system they use. In fact, with the right equipment and software, even Token Ring, Apple Talk, and wireless LANs can be connected to Ethernet. The access method Ethernet uses is CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). In this method, multiple workstation access a transmission medium (Multiple Access) by listening until no signals are detected (Carrier Sense). Then they transmit and check to see if more than one signal is present (Collision Detection). Each station attempts to transmit when it â€Å"believes† the network is free. If there is a collision, each station attempts to retransmit after a preset delay, which is different for each workstation. Collision detection is an essential part of the CSMA/CD access method. Each transmitting workstation needs to be able to detect that simultaneous (and therefore data-corrupting) transmission has taken place. If a collision is detected, a â€Å"jam† signal is propagated to all nodes. Each station that detects the Collision will wait some period of time and then try again. The two possible topologies for Ethernet are bus and star. The bus is the simplest (and the traditional) topology. Standard Ethernet (10BASE5) and Thin Ethernet (1OBASE2), both based on coaxial cable systems, use the bus. Twisted-Pair Ethernet (10BASE-T), based on unshielded twisted pair, and Fiberoptic Ethernet (FOIRL and 10BASE-FL), based on fiberoptic cable, use the star. In the following document we will try to explain what switched, Fast and Gigabit Ethernet are and make comparison of these three. LAN segments can be interconnected using bridges or routers. This works well when the traffic between segments is not high, but the interconnecting devices can become bottlenecks as the inter-segment traffic increases. Until recently, there were few ways to alleviate this problem. Now, however, a new class of interconnect products has emerged that can boost bandwidth on overburdened, traditional LANs while working with conventional cabling and adapters. These are known as LAN switches and are available for Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI. Switching technology is increasing the efficiency and speed of networks. This technology is making current systems more powerful, while at the same time facilitating the migration to faster networks. Understanding this technology is important; only then can we design and implement switched networks from the ground up. Switching directs network traffic in a very efficient manner – it sends information directly from the port of origin to only its destination port. Switching increases network performance, enhances flexibility and eases moves, adds and changes. Switching establishes a direct line of communication between two ports and maintains multiple simultaneous links between various ports. It proficiently manages network traffic by reducing media sharing – traffic is contained to the segment for which it is destined, be it a server, power user or workgroup. It is a cost-effective technique for increasing the overall network throughput and reducing congestion on a 10-Mbps network. Other than the addition of the switching hub, the Ethernet network remains the same the same network interface cards, the same client software, the same LAN cabling. There are three basic types of switches on the market at this time. They all perform the same basic function of dividing a large network into smaller sub-networks, however the manner in which they work internally is different. The types are known as Store and Forward, Cut Through, and Hybrid. A description of each type is shown below: A Store and Forward switch operates much as its name implies; first it stores each incoming frame in a buffer, checks it for errors, and if the frame is good it then forwards it to its destination port. A Cut Through switch operates differently than a Store and Forward type. In a Cut Through switch, the switch begins forwarding the frame immediately upon recieving the Destination Address. A Hybrid switch is an attempt to get the best of both Store and Forward switches and Cut Through switches. A Hybrid switch normally operates in Cut Through mode, but constantly monitors the rate at which invalid or damaged frames are forwarded. Designing A Switched Ethernet Network Designing a switched Ethernet network is actually a fairly straightforward process. The first step is to evaluate the traffic flow through you expect each user or group of users to generate. Analysis of the network will most likely find that you have a large number of users who are not going to place a heavy load on the network, and a smaller number of users who will place a large load on the network. We now group the Undemanding Users together on a hub and connect each hub to a switch port. Our more demanding users will usually be either directly connected to the switch, or if they are on hubs, fewer of them will be sharing each switch port than on the Undemanding User portion. One point which should be kept in mind regarding the design of a switched network is that traffic patterns vary by user and time. Therefore, just taking a â€Å"snapshot† of network usage patterns may lead to the wrong conclusions and result in a design, which is not optimal. It is always advisable to monitor usage patterns over a period of several days to a week to decide how to allocate network bandwidth optimally. Also, in almost all cases, a process of trial and error may be required to fully optimize the design.  · It is most important to get a switch that doesn't drop frames.  · Latency is a concern, but take it with a grain of salt. It will not make that much of a difference.  · Deciding between cut-through and store-and-forward depends on the application. Time-sensitive applications may need the former.  · Multimedia stations need dedicated switched ports.  · Most switch implementations consist of a switch with many stations (demand) and few servers (resources). It is best to keep a 1:1 ratio between demand and resource. Or, as mentioned earlier, increase the number of access pipes to the resource. (i.e., multiple lines into one server)  · Baseline your network prior to installing switches to determine the percentage of bad frames that already exist on the network.  · RMON (Remote Monitor) capability embedded in switch ports is may be costly, but it may save time and money in the long run.  · Certain switches support a flow control mechanism known as â€Å"back pressure.† This spoofs collision detection circuitry into thinking there is a collision and subsequently shifting to a back-off algorithm. This throttles back the sending station from transmitting any further data until the back-off process is complete. Switches with this feature need to be placed into the network carefully. What is 100baseT and Why is It Important? 100baseT, also known as Fast Ethernet, is simply a new version of Ethernet that runs at 100 million bits per second, which is ten times the speed of the existing Ethernet standard. 100baseT is becoming very popular because networks need more bandwidth due to more users and to demanding applications like graphics and networked databases. In fact, for many applications, standard Ethernet is simply too slow. For this reason, most experts believe that 100baseT will eclipse Ethernet as the dominant standard for Local Area Networks (LANs) during the next few years. A major advantage of all variants of 100baseT is software compatibility with standard Ethernet. This means that virtually all existing operating systems and application programs can take advantage of 100baseT capabilities without modification. One way fast Ethernet helps network managers make incremental upgrades at relatively low cost is by supporting most wiring and cabling media. The 100-Mbit/s specification can run over the Category 3 and Category 5 wiring already in place. It also runs over fiber optic cabling already installed. Fast Ethernet offers three media options: 100Base-T4 for half-duplex operation on four pairs of Category 3 UTP (unshielded twisted pair) or Category 5 UTP, 100Base-TX for half- or full-duplex operation on two pairs of data-grade Category 5 UTP or STP (shielded twisted pair), and 100Base-FX for half- or full-duplex transmission over fiber optic cable (the specification should be completed by year's end). As with other high-speed LAN technologies, fast Ethernet operates most efficiently on higher-grade media, such as Category 5 cabling or fiber. For Category 3-based installations, the 100Base-T4 media option uses four pairs of Category 3 UTP cabling. Data is transmitted on three pairs of wires, utilizing standard 8B/6T coding, which allows a lower signal frequency and decreases electromagnetic emissions. However, because the 100Base-T 4 standard uses the three pairs of wires for both transmission and reception, a 100Base-T4 network cannot accommodate full-duplex operation, which requires simultaneous dedication of wire pairs to transmission and reception. Work is still in progress on 100Base-FX fast Ethernet over fiber, but trials show it to be stable and capable of sustained 100-Mbit/s throughput at distances over 100 meters. Essentially, as a second means of transmitting data over fiber, 100Base-FX will be an alternative to FDDI. Moreover, because it will support full-duplex operation, 100Base-FX has the potential to become a significant backbone technology. 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet represents the best choice for customers interested in high speed networking for many reasons. There are 40 million 10 Mbps (Mega-bit per second) Ethernet users in the world today. 100BASE-T technology has evolved from this 10 Mbps world. By keeping the essential characteristics of the Ethernet technology (known as CSMA/CD) unchanged in the 100Mbit world, customers and installers can benefit from the body of Ethernet expertise developed over the years. The Ethernet industry expects that 100BASE-T will offer ten times the performance for twice the price of 10BASE-T. This improvement is made possible by advances in integrated circuit chip technology. As chips get smaller, they run faster, use less energy and are cheaper to produce. Early Ethernet controllers were made in 1.2 micron chips. State-of-the-art technology uses 0.45 micron chips. This represents an almost eight-fold reduction in chip size. 100BASE-T technology offers unparalleled ease of migration. You can decide how fast to upgrade, in what steps and stages, without massive â€Å"fork-lift† upgrades. Most 100BASE-T network cards will run as 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T cards. You will be able to buy cards now and run them at 10BASE-T speeds. Later when you are ready to upgrade to 100BASE-T you will not need to change your network cards. 100BASE-T is widely supported by many different companies. These include networking, systems, semiconductor, computer, integrator and research companies. Many of these companies have been supporting the industry effort through the Fast Ethernet Alliance. Wide support is essential for network users, ensuring a ready supply of interoperable products at competitive prices. The transmission systems of the 100BASE-T standard have high data integrity. It was shown that if 100 million 100BASE-T networks were run at maximum speed it would take over a billion times the age of the universe before there would be an undetected error. These error rates are significantly better than for 10BASE-T, Token Ring and FDDI. Recently, PC LAN adapter card manufacturers like 3Com and SMC have made very aggressive moves to further accelerate the adoption of 100baseT by pricing their 100baseTX products at only a slight premium compared to their standard Ethernet products. For example, a 3Com 100baseTX card is priced at $149, compared to $129 for their Ethernet card. Because virtually all 100baseTX cards also support 10baseT, this means that customers are being encouraged to buy the 100baseT capability even if they don't need it today. In other words, you can buy the 100baseTX card today and use it on your existing 10baseT network; when you upgrade your network to 100baseTX, you won't have to throw away your adapter cards. By all accounts, this strategy has been very successful. Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of the highly successful 10Mbps (10Base-T) Ethernet and 100Mbps (100Base-T) Fast Ethernet standards for network connectivity. IEEE has given approval to the Gigabit Ethernet project as the IEEE 802.3z Task Force. Gigabit Ethernet is fully compatible with the huge installed base of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet nodes. The original Ethernet specification was defined by the frame format and support for CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol, full duplex, flow control, and management objects as defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. Gigabit Ethernet will employ all of these specifications. In short, Gigabit Ethernet is the same Ethernet that managers already know and use, but 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet and 100 times faster than Ethernet. It also supports additional features that accommodate today's bandwidth-hungry applications and match the increasing power of the server and desktop. To support increasing bandwidth needs, Gigabit Ethernet incorporates enhancements that enable fast optical fiber connections at the physical layer of the network. It provides a tenfold increase in MAC (Media Access Control) layer data rates to support video conferencing, complex imaging and other data-intensive applications. Gigabit Ethernet compatibility with Ethernet preserves investments in administrator expertise and support staff training, while taking advantage of user familiarity. There is no need to purchase additional protocol stacks or invest in new middleware. Just as 100Mbps Fast Ethernet provided a low-cost, incremental migration from 10Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet will provide the next logical migration to 1000Mbps bandwidth. This section discusses the various topologies in which Gigabit Ethernet may be used. Gigabit Ethernet is essentially a â€Å"campus technology†, that is , for use as a backbone in a campus-wide network. It will be used between routers, switches and hubs. It can also be used to connect servers, server farms (a number of server machines bundled together), and powerful workstations. Essentially, four types of hardware are needed to upgrade an exiting Ethernet/Fast Ethernet network to Gigabit Ethernet :  · Gigabit Ethernet Network Interface Cards (NICs)  · Aggregating switches that connect a number of Fast Ethernet segments to Gigabit Ethernet  · Gigabit Ethernet repeaters ( or Buffered Distributors) The five most likely upgrade scenarios are given below : 1.Upgrading server-switch connections Most networks have centralized file servers and compute servers A server gets requests from a large number of clients. Therefore, it needs more bandwidth. Connecting servers to switches with Gigabit Ethernet will help achieve high speed access to servers. . This is perhaps the simplest way of taking advantage of Gigabit Ethernet. 2.Upgrading switch-switch connections Another simple upgrade involves upgrading links between Fast Ethernet switches to Gigabit Ethernet links between 100/1000 Mbps switches. 3.Upgrading a Fast Ethernet backbone A Fast Ethernet backbone switch aggregates multiple 10/100 Mbps switches. It can be upgraded to a Gigabit Ethernet switch which supports multiple 100/1000 Mbps switches as well as routers and hubs which have Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. Once the backbone has been upgraded, high performance servers can be connected directly to the backbone. This will substantially increase throughput for applications which require high bandwidth. 4.Upgrading High Performance Workstations As workstations get more and more powerful, higher bandwidth network connections are required for the workstations. Current high-end PCs have buses which can pump out more than 1000 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet can be used to connect such high speed machines. Gigabit Ethernet will be an ideal solution for many of the networking challenges confronting MIS departments today. With businesses implementing more powerful technologies like super-fast servers and data-intensive applications such as video streaming, videoconferencing, or high-speed file backups, the new Gigabit Ethernet standard will go a long way toward adding significant bandwidth at reasonable costs. The following explains some of the key advantages Gigabit Ethernet will provide. Gigabit Ethernet will offer a dramatic increase (as much as a hundredfold) in pure bandwidth to help organizations meet the challenges of overburdened or growing network infrastructures. Gigabit throughput will greatly relieve pressures on LAN backbones while providing both the scalability and speed users need to run data-intensive applications productively. When gigabit data rates become available, firms will be able to greatly expedite large file transfers between servers and other devices. Mirroring the price and performance benefits that Fast Ethernet brought to Ethernet networking, Gigabit Ethernet will offer ten times greater performance than today†s Fast Ethernet at two to three times the cost. The working groups are selecting technologies, such as the Fibre Channel physical layer for fiber, with these specific cost targets in mind. Gigabit Ethernet will maintain the 802.3 and Ethernet standard frame format, as well as 802.3 managed object specifications. As a result, organizations can easily upgrade to gigabit speeds while preserving existing applications; operating systems; protocols such as IP, IPX, and AppleTalk; and network management platforms and tools. Managing Gigabit Ethernet networks upgraded from Fast Ethernet backbones will be simple and easy because the new technology requires no learning curve or training for MIS staffs. By offering backward compatibility with existing 10/100 Ethernet standards, Gigabit Ethernet will provide the same outstanding investment protection that Fast Ethernet offered. When upgrading to gigabit performance, companies will maintain existing wiring, operating systems, protocols, drivers, and desktop applications. No training is required for users or network managers, and network management tools and applications will remain intact. Administrators will be able to keep existing tried-and-tested hardware, software, and management practices while providing-with minimal risk and cost-the networking functionality and performance their organizations require. Gigabit Ethernet is the third generation Ethernet technology offering a speed of 1000 Mbps. It is fully compatible with existing Ethernets, and promises to offer seamless migration to higher speeds. Existing networks will be able to upgrade their performance without having to change existing wiring, protocols or applications. Gigabit Ethernet is expected to give existing high speed technologies such as ATM and FDDI a run for their money. The IEEE is working on a standard for Gigabit Ethernet, which is expected to be out by the beginning of 1998. A standard for using Gigabit Ethernet on twisted pair cable is expected by 1999.

Business Negotiation Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Negotiation Skills - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that the opposition to the project had begun with the filing of suit against Enron in the Indian High Court. Opposition political powers at the state made this a huge issue in the approaching Maharashtra assembly elections and with the change of government; the contract was annulled by the MSEB causing daily loss of US$250,000 to Enron and its partners. The contract was further renegotiated at the behest of Enron with the new state government. After agreeing to new terms and conditions stipulated by the MSEB, and the 1st phase was completed and second phase of producing electricity started but the MSEB failed in paying back the agreed tariff rate. By the same time, Enron also filed for bankruptcy. As the report declares Enron signed a contract with the Maharashtra Sate Electricity Board (MSEB) by putting its and its partner companies’ stakes in Dabhol Power Project. The negotiations for the project began primarily with the two stakeholders from the Indian government, one was the Indian state of Maharashtra and the other was MSEB. The project proposal of making a 2015 megawatt power plant with the proposed investment of US$3 billion was cleared initially. On its side, Enron was not the sole company; it had made and entered into joint initiative with the investment of 10% each by General Electric and Bechtel. It required Liquefied Natural Gas to power the plant, which it arranged from another of its joint venture in Qatar, 1200 miles away from the plant location in Dabhol.

Do you agree with Wood that the cause of the American War of Essay

Do you agree with Wood that the cause of the American War of Independence was a desire for liberty - Essay Example The political order that took place as a result of the revolution was much based upon the liberal ideology rather than on the economic necessities of the time. Wood argues that the revolution has much to do with the intellectual roots having Greek, Roman and English past. His argument is radically different as he argues that ideology and a deep desire for liberty was the real cause of the revolution rather than the increasing economic interests of various groups. He suggests that American independence was not the result of the economics but that of ideology. The opposing arguments focus on the economic nature of the revolution and largely see the overall phenomenon a result of the increasing needs for achieving economic independence from the Brittan. This paper will discuss and argue whether the American war of independence was the result of the desire for liberty or it has its roots in the economic conditions at that time. Liberty & Freedom To argue and discuss on the arguments of W ood, it is critical first to really examine what liberty means in American culture and how it actually shaped up the overall ideology for the country and the War of Independence. It is also critical to understand and explore the overall dynamics of the power and how it was perceived by the Colonists. Though there was a clear understanding of what power is and what role it can play into the overall politics of the country, it was however, relatively felt that power may create the dominance of few over the masses. However liberty largely relies upon how effective the checks are on the use of power within the society. It rests upon the overall ability of the people to create and maintain effective checks and balances on the use of power to ensure that social and individual liberty remains intact as the dominating ideology of society. The colonial thought was therefore also based upon achieving the liberty and freedom not only from the English power but also develop a society which prov ides a legal and constitutional cover to the individual freedom and liberty. The war of independence therefore has its historical roots in this deep rooted belief that use of power within the society should be managed to the point where it effectively do not hinder the progress of human freedom and individual liberty. Colonial America therefore fought a war for achieving the universal right of liberty and freedom for everyone in the world.( Bailyn, 1992).   The America society and the way it has been shaped have been largely influenced by the way liberty has been defined. In American lexicon, it is mostly associated with the social liberty combined with the laissez faire nature of the markets where government has a very minimal role. Liberty therefore is largely viewed as a concept which does not favor fiscal conservatism and indicates that individual liberty as well as happiness is largely affected by the intervention of the government into the affairs of the individuals. The con cept is more related with gaining liberty from the government and its overall hold onto the affairs of the individuals. The overall historical evidence of the War also suggests that the revolutionaries were more concerned with the intervention and role of British Government.( Newell, 1998).   Wood argues that though it may not be entirely conclusive to suggest that ideas result into certain behaviors and actions of the individual

Commercial transaction law and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Commercial transaction law and practice - Essay Example The company should have been also the one who did the vetting of the delivered to make sure that he was believable and trustworthy enough to run such errands. Instead, the company hired someone who would later be identified as a gang member after BB failed to receive the goods. When entering into a contract regarding the selling and buying of a product, there should be certain terms that are to be reached by the two parties that are involved. There are two major ways through which this issue can be resolved. First of all, the two parties are supposed to agree on the time range that will be given for the delivery of the goods. There should also be an agreement about the prices of the products that are being traded. Finally, and just as important, the two parties should agree about who of them is supposed to be responsible for the delivery of the goods. If the supplier is the one to deliver the goods, he is supposed to take charge of the entire process up until the time that the recipient will be able to acknowledge, in signing that he has received the goods from the supplier and that now he takes full responsibility for them. Should anything happen to the goods at this point, then the recipient is the one who is to suffer the damages. The second option that is present in such agreements is that once the goods are ready, it is the consumer who is supposed to take charge of the delivery of the goods to where he wants them. In this case, he may either come for them or organize for how the goods will reach him. Therefore, in this case, once the goods leave the premises of the supplier, they are supposed to sign and agree that now the consumer is taking liability for all the goods and that if anything should occur to them, he will be entirely responsible (Hyland and Patterson, 1999). In the case that is present, the supplier, PSL is the one that is in charge of making sure that the products have reached his client. This means that unless the

Thomas Jefferon - Time as President ONLY Research Paper

Thomas Jefferon - Time as President ONLY - Research Paper Example As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.† (Brief Biography of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello 1) The election of President Thomas Jefferson was regarded as the coming of revolution in the United States. Thomas Jefferson initiated many changes and developments in the state of United States. One of the main changes and developments with regard to annexation of different territories was the Louisiana Pact from France in 1803. In domestic affairs Jefferson tried to weaken Federalist influences, especially in the judiciary, and succeeded in limiting the size of government by reducing taxes and the national debt. Other actions taken by Thomas Jefferson were to weaken the federalist influence in the state administration and the machinery. He did this to enable greater participation of people in the State institutions such as the Judiciary, the executive and the legislature. He also pioneered in the r eduction of the size of the total number of the people in the Government by reducing the nation al debt of the country as well as scaling down the total taxation in the great country of United States. This heavily contributed to the growth of United States in the early 1800s. (Mannix, Richard 121) Jefferson’s Democratic Views: Thomas Jefferson was by nature a liberal politician who devoted the idea of freedom more than anyone else during his days in the office. Following is a quote from the great man himself on his idea of democracy: â€Å"A wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, which shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities.† (America's Homepage and the Virtual Tour of Washington, D.C 1) The concept of Jeffersonian Democracy was quite prominent at the time of the term of office of Thomas Jefferson in the White House. He believed that the republican ideals of democracy best suited the United States. He envisaged a state where each and every individual would take part in the public duty and would strive to reduce or diminish corruption at every level in the country. The Domestic Policy of Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson was a liberal at heart. His domestic policies included the reduction of national debt by keenly focusing on federalism in the state. In the office of President, Jefferson appointed his own cabinet people and other high level office bearers as he was given the freedom to choose the people he wanted in the Government. Thomas Jefferson was a big supporter of the Lewis and Clark expedition and was instrumental in making it happen since he gave his total commitment for that project. Jefferson released the prisoners under the Sedition Act, which was repealed at the beginning of his Preside ncy. He took the initiative to remove the Act since according to his vision it was obstructive in nature and did not confine to the principles of free speech in the country. The Judiciary: Thomas Jefferson was quite skeptical of the judges appointed by his predecessors in the judiciary. He said that the

Math Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Standards - Essay Example They should have the ability to find correct answers to addition, This list however is by no means everything a student should be able to do, and only acts as a basic guideline for what a student should be able to achieve in math while they are in the California educational system. The goals associated with student's learning in mathematics are also important. Students should develop fluency in basic computational Skills, develop an understanding of mathematical Concepts and Become mathematical problem solvers who can recognize and solve routine problems readily and can find ways to reach a solution or goal where no routine path is apparent. These are the three goals that all students should develop while learning math, and are important to their overall schooling as they grow up to adults upon their leaving of the educational system. In a general education class these broads skills are skills that all students should learn, and are skills that are helpful to teach to everybody. Some students will learn them fast, and others will struggle, but by teaching them as general educations everybody can learn them on the same level filed.

Solutions to Overpopulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solutions to Overpopulation - Essay Example Consequently, this migration poses a shortage of people in remote areas and cause to stress in urban as well. Moreover, advanced medicine means a longer life span that result in the unequal balance between birth and death rate which in its turn gives rise to the lack of basic needs for the whole populace. Furthermore, overpopulation leads to environmental degradation due to pressure on natural resource. However, the issue of overpopulation can be tackled by providing financial incentives to small size families and diminishing poverty rate as well as achieving equal balance between birth and death rate. The first viable solution that could ameliorate the problem of overpopulation is to offer financial bonuses to the low sized families. In population control, money can be utilized as a form motivation to encourage people to a decrease in fertility rate. As Berelson states money is proven to be one of the most powerful motivators.(Cited in Donner, 2010a).Therefore, it is likely that people’s desire towards money will discourage them from having more children and large families. According to Donner (2010) financial incentives in the form of credits for the couples who decided to limit number of children would be an excellent motivation to curb family size. This policy could be implemented by creating a program that provides a credit to the couples by the government when they have their first or even second child but refunding the given credits as long as they exceed this number.

What Employers Want to See in a Business Writing Course Essay

What Employers Want to See in a Business Writing Course - Essay Example The topics that are expected to be covered by professors that would enable students to write in a business-manner at the end of the course are writing style, format, structure and ethics in business writing. The writing style in business is formal and professors must be able to teach students what constitute a formal writing in business correspondence. It involves the correct selection of words, the appropriate framing of thoughts and professionalism in tone. The format in business writing must also be taught by professors for students to know how to package their letters in a business manner. Format conveys professionalism and this is important in the world of business to be taken seriously. Structure in business writing is also important and it meant more than the arrangement of thoughts but also on how to arrange them concisely. This will help students to get their ideas across clearly and concisely. Finally, professors must also guide students about the appropriateness of business correspondence. This would include ethics in business writing and how to maintain professionalism.

Construct and analyze a Financial plan based on management's strategic Term Paper

Construct and analyze a Financial plan based on management's strategic intent - Term Paper Example Thus, one purpose of strategic intent is to forecast a firm's financial statements under some specific conditions.   Since total assets must equal the sum of total liabilities and owner's equity, any imbalance will require management action. Having forecasted the amount and timing of the imbalance, a financial manager can arrange for financing (such as bank loans or stock offerings) or investment (such as marketable securities) long before the need becomes critical. Strategic intent statements help general managers in overall planning (employment and inventory levels, for example) and problem solving. As forecasts are developed, a manager can analyze the results to identify potential trouble spots and plan accordingly. Finding problems and trying out solutions on paper, months in advance, is much preferred to learning about the problem first hand in real time. Similarly, by â€Å"seeing† into the future with strategic intent statements, a manager can anticipate opportunities and prepare to exploit them long before the window of opportunity begins to close. In addition to being a planning tool, strategic intent statements, in tandem with actual results, can be used to evaluate performance and make midstream corrections. Variance analysis, a comparison of the plan with actual performance, helps a manager analyze firm performance during the budget period, gauge strengths and weaknesses, and make interim adjustments to the plan. The accuracy of strategic intent statements is limited by the validity of the assumptions used in creating them. Often a series of statements is developed by making different assumptions about sales and about the relationship between sales and the balance sheet accounts. This is called a sensitivity analysis. The resulting set of statements suggests the most likely outcomes for the firm and a range of financing needs. After building a balance sheet statement based on expected sales, a manager can then use sensitivity analyses to an swer questions such as how the company's financial needs will change if sales are 10 percent below their expected level, etc. Since the hotel industry is a fairly competitive one, the hotel managers need to be excellent. With the income and financial statements at their disposal, the managers will make strategic decisions that will be founded on fact since Proforma balance sheets are created by forecasting the individual account balances at a future date and then aggregating them into a financial statement format. Account balances are forecasted by identifying the forces that influence them and projecting how the accounts will be influenced in the future by such forces. Sales, company policy, and restrictive debt covenants are often significant forces. An annual data has been provided which has to be focused for 36 months and monthly income statements and balance sheets and a strategic intent provided as well. With such information at their disposal, the managers will make a firm st rategic decision on their new acquisition. 2.0 ANNUAL BUDGETED INCOME STATEMENT INCOME STATEMENT Total revenues $ Annual room revenues 209,523 Annual food and beverages 113668 Other revenue 328433 Total 14792023 Variable cost annual 8,531,040 Fixed cost annual 8,728,500 Total 9,582,604 Operating

The prince of Verona Essay Example for Free

The prince of Verona Essay In this essay, I will be comparing the way the 400 years old William Shakespeares film Romeo and Juliet was transformed by Baz luharmann for the understanding of the modern audience. Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare 400 years ago. In the past plays were acted in the theatre. The plays were totally different from the way they are now. The theatre had a stage where the play was to be acted; this had an entrance and an exit. There was no lighting and no scenery; there was also a balcony on the first floor where some scenes were acted. Below the stage was where the audience stood to watch the play. There were also two galleries. At the top of the building there was a flag to show there was a play in progress. This is a sign for the illiterate population, who couldnt read notices. A Prologue is a piece of useful information before a play or story is acted. It tells us what we are supposed to expect. In Shakespeares time the narrator would have come out before the play started to deliver the prologue to the audience. This is very important as there is no form of scenery or lighting to describe the location or what is happening. Hence, the audience have to be attentive and listen to everything that is said in the play. This can be illustrated in this quotation In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. This is a typical statement a narrator will say when delivering the Prologue to inform the audience where the play is taking place. Baz Luhrmanns film has a totally different way of presenting the prologue. In this present day we have newscasters who give us information about what is happening internally and externally. This is the device Baz Luhrmanns uses. The film starts with a television set and a newscaster reading the news. This is the way the prologue is first presented. She talks about the setting in fair Verona, where we lay our scene, she talks about the main story and characters in this quotation two households both alike in dignity and she also says short statements which are a brief summary of the play. At the top right corner of the screen there is a picture of a broken ring and below it are these words; star crossed lovers. This illustrates that there is love and a broken relationship between two lovers in the film. Also the broken ring suggests that the lovers relationship will be but a short one as it is destined to end in tragedy. Also there is dramatic operatic music at the background; it suggests the film will most likely be a tragedy as is often seen in grand operas. The Prologue is delivered again. This is very different from the first time; it contains flashes of scenes in the film/ informative clips. This prologue has a voiceover of Friar. He is the perfect person for this job because he knows the story from the start to the end. The clips are very informative. The two towers with the names MONTAGUE AND CAPULET suggest wealth and probably business rivalry, which a modern audience would understand. It also shows they are both well-to-do families. We can also say they are of the same status: It also has shots of the statues of Jesus and Mary this shows a church is involved and it reflects the Catholic religion practised in Verona. There are also flashes of murder, city in flames, police aircraft. People in these flashes have worried and troubled looks on their faces. There is also this newspaper article with a caption ANCIENT GRUDGE. This explains that the two families have had this grudge for years and generations. This is because a modern audience is literate; the film director can use text on the screen, whereas Shakespeares original audience could not read. The line civil blood makes civil hands unclean is illustrated using the flashes of fire in the streets, bloodshed, and violence. Another major difference between the films is the names and appearance. In Shakespeares original play the heads of the families were just called Lady and Lord Capulet or Montague and to differentiate the families they would have probably used red clothes for a family and blue for another family. This is totally different in Baz Luhrmanns film. He gives the characters names. The Capulets are Fulgencio and Gloria. This suggests they originated from Italy. Caroline and Ted Montague are of north European origin. The audience are now aware that the families are both business rivals and from different communities. Their appearances also differ: the Montagues are blond and blue eyed and the Capulets have a Mediterranean appearance. Act 1 Scene 1 then begins and the music changes. The music that follows the film is a classic and tragic kind of music. It is giving the audience clues about immerse drama and tragedy of what they are to witness. It is a hi-life, hip-pop music followed by the arrival of the Montague boys. They arrive in a yellow car with the music turned on loudly. They wear bright-coloured beach shirts. Their car plate number even has Mi n, their family name on it. This entry is very common to the modern audience. It is the usual show-off of young boys from a rich background, who like to party and are carefree. The scene is well lit and shows a cool happy atmosphere. The music changes at the arrival of the Capulets. It is now a menacing kind of music. It sends a dangerous, serious, down-to-earth kind of music. The Capulets arrive in a stylish fashion with cowboy boots that have steel plates on them; they come in black official suits with bullet belts. They have a purposeful serious look. They portray the real bad-boys attitude, ready to fight. All this takes place in a gas station the equivalent of the public haunt of men. The Montague boys sight their enemy. They both start taunting each other. Abra Capulet starts it; it all seems like a comic. Then Tybalt who is Juliets cousin comes out, and takes a step further. The Montagues despite all their loud behaviour seen reluctant to fight, but Tybalt, who is a trouble- maker, brings out his gun and starts shooting. The Montagues start defending themselves, leading it to a real fight. It gets to a climax when Tybalt drops his cigar and the place goes up in flames drawing the attention of the police. The mayhem which follows is very familiar to the audience who see action movies. The Prince of Verona is updated to be the chief of police. He is the peace maker and makes a stand. He calls both head of the families and tells them if any fight reoccurs disturbing the peace of the streets they will pay for it with their lives. In conclusion, I think Baz Lurhmann has done a very good job. The music interprets and indicates the stage of the scenes. Instead of swords, they use guns which are a normal sight to a modern audience as they are used to watching action films. The dressing also speaks a lot of the characters, so does the body language, especially that of Tybalt: his looks, his pose and the way he carries himself suggest trouble. The violent scene shows irresponsibility and senselessness of the feud. It is this pointless violence that destroys the lives of the innocent lovers ROMEO AND JULIET whom the play is named after and whom we meet later in the play. Finally, I think the opening is very effective as everyone can understand through the clips and well delivered Prologue. The costume and setting of the scene are also important as it speaks to the Audience even if they do not understand the Shakespearean language.

Animal Testing Pros Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Pros Essay Animal testing is basically making use of animals in experiments carried out for the betterment of human lives. These animal experiments are carried out by universities, pharmaceutical companies and even by students and researchers at medical schools. These animals are either bred specifically for carrying out experiments or are caught from their wild habitat and locked up in cages. There are some pros that motivate scientists to carry out experiments on these animals. So, what are some of the good things that support the torturing of these poor animals? Lets see some of these animal testing pros that makes proponents of animal experimentation argue for use of animals in research. Animal testing helps in finding ways to help save lives of animals and humans by testing lifesaving drugs and processes. A few animals tend to react the same way like humans in response to certain diseases and allergies. This helps the scientists find a cure for certain diseases by studying these animals. Open heart surgeries, coronary bypass surgery and heart transplantation are some of the procedures that came into existence by carrying out experimentation on dogs. Insulin for diabetes, lifesaving antibiotics, etc. have been made by experimenting on animals. Contagious diseases like smallpox, measles, chickenpox, rubella, polio, rabies, mumps, etc. were brought into control due to vaccines made by carrying out experiments on animals. About 99% of the human genes are similar to that of the chimpanzees as well as a few other monkeys. Thus, experimenting with these animals gives  scientists an idea about their possible reaction in the human body. As it is immoral to experiment on humans, chimpanzees and other monkeys remain the only option. Treatment for scarlet fever, tuberculosis, complex surgical procedures for humans were tested OK for humans through animal testing. Tests for vaccines for diseases like AIDS is being carried out on animals. The common animals used for these tests include rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, dogs, goats, horses, etc. Chimpanzees share about 90% of their genetic make up with humans. These animals have similar reactions and somewhat similar inner organs to humans that help in determining the effects of drugs and procedures on humans. Many transplantation operations were first carried out on animals, that helped determine and save lives for humans. Animals are not only tested for making lives of humans better, but for the betterment of animals themselves as well. People often overlook the fact, that may breakthroughs in veterinary medicine has occurred due to this experimemntation. Animal surgeries, animal antibiotics, etc. have all come into existence, due to testing. Thus, animal testing pros prove it is very vital in saving not only the lives of humans, but those of animals as well. Cell cultures are useful only when one needs to see the side effects at molecular level. In order to see other physical side effects such as rashes, acne, wheezing, cardiac problems, etc. one needs to use animals. Although, animal physiology is not similar to human physiology, the results acquired after animal testing, help gauge their effects on humans. Animal testing helps in figuring out the safety of drugs on humans, before scientists begin the human trail. You dont want people getting adverse reactions to these drugs and adding more woes to their misery. The animal trials help minimize the chances of human death during clinical trials, saving pharmaceutical and medical organizations millions of dollars in compensation. Also, animals, like mice and rabbits, reproduce very quickly. This gives the researchers a chance to see the effects of the experiments on the progeny too. Now, let us see some of the arguments against animal testing. Animal Testing Cons When we speak about animal testing cons, there are plenty of emotional and ethical issues staring in our faces. The first con is the issue of pain the animal must be going through. Although, it is claimed none of the animals were hurt in the test, but how can one be 100% sure? Not all handlers are alike and some just jab the needles through their body, keep them in cramped up spaces, with little or no food sometimes. Animals cannot speak, so how can we determine whether or not and the level of pain the poor creature is going through? Animal testing statistics show many creatures lose their lives during the course of experiments. Some lose their limbs, eyesight, hearing ability, etc. All in the name of saving human lives. Agreed, when people say millions of animals are killed worldwide for food. But, you cant compare that with the months of torture the animals go through while the experiments are on. Wouldnt you prefer being killed in one shot, rather than enduring poking needles, cuts and poisonous chemicals being injected into your system and being kept caged in a really small space for what seems like all eternity? You may wish to escape the dreaded place that smells of disinfectants, chemicals and may be sure death, but cannot. There are many animal rights group that claim killing animals is inhumane. Animal testing in cosmetic industry as well as a household products is not worth the life of a poor animal. Experimenting using animals also proves to be a bit expensive. This is because the cost of housing, feeding caring for the animals is quite high. Animals are in a great deal of stress as they are not living in their natural habitat and the controlled environment may take a toll on their minds. Also, some claim animal experiments can be misleading as an animals response to a drug cannot be absolutely similar to a humans. People are now suggesting use of tissue culture, statistics and even computer models for carrying out the test. Animal rights also exist and abusing  someone weaker than us is not right. The death of animals due to an experiment gone wrong is similar to murder of a human who was tested against his will. In human tests, at least humans are asked whether they would like to sign up legally for being tested. There are legal papers and documents that safeguard the rights of the human subject and compensate him for any kind of loss. Animals however, are never asked for their opinion and have never had their rights safeguarded. The obvious explanation being they do not have the understanding capabilities of humans. This does not give us the right to use another life for our benefits. To find a cure for cancer, the animal cells are forced to grow abnormally, so that experiments can be carried out to find a remedy. With stem cell research and genetics getting a push, animals are subjected to further animal cruelty. Hybrid animals and cloning is carried out on the poor animals who are injected with genes of other animals within an embryo of another species. The resultant being a cross, that is either malformed or dead before being born. Do we have the right to reduce the dignity of animals by forcing mutations on them? You can see both the sides of animal testing facts tilt the scales of the balance equally. Animal testing helps saves lives of millions of humans, but in turn, thousands of these animals lose their lives. It is an open fact, not all handlers and researchers handle the animals with care. Computers cannot predict an outcome, just the possibility and tissue culture cannot predict the physical implications of a drug like rashes, cardiac failure, etc. Similarly, testing cannot accurately prove the implications of drugs and procedures on humans. Pulling away babies from their mothers before they even get a chance to open their eyes, is not being human. Breeding animals only because you want to check the outcome of your drug on hapless babies is wrong. Till an experiment is a success, torturing hundreds of animals, be it a mice or monkey is rather totally unethical. It has been proven that over 92% of drugs that claim to pass the animal trials fail when tested on humans by the Humane Society of the United States. This debate on animal testing pros and cons will continue till  scientists do not find an alternative to this cruel process of animal experimentation. You can decide for yourself, whether you are for, against or just a mute spectator to animal testing. Every coin has two sides, so does animal testing. It is now up to each one of us to decide, which side do we choose. Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-testing-pros-and-cons.html The question of legalizing marijuana refers to whether or not Americans should be allowed to legally grow, sell, buy or ingest marijuana. At present, the U.S. government claims the right to, and does, criminalize the growing, selling and possession of marijuana in all states. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed this federal right in two separate court cases: In 2001, U.S. v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative, which overturned California proposition 215 which, in 1996, legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. In 2005, Gonzales v. Raich, which again upheld the right of the federal government to ban marijuana use in all states. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing Marijuana.) What Is Marijuana? Marijuana is the dried blossom of cannabis sativa and cannabis indica plants, leafy annual plants with parts that are used for as herbs, animal food, medicine and as hemp for rope-making. The flowers contain psychoactive and physiologically active chemical compounds known as cannabinoids that are consumed for recreational, medicinal, and spiritual purposes, per Wikipedia. Why is Marijuana Banned in the U.S.? Before the 20th century, cannabis plants in the U.S. were relatively unregulated, and marijuana was a common ingredient in medicines. Recreational use of marijuana was thought to have been introduced in the U.S. early in the 20th century by immigrants from Mexico. In the 1930s, marijuana was linked publicly in several research studies, and via a famed 1936 film named Reefer Madness, to crime, violence, and anti-social behavior. Many believe that objections to marijuana first rose sharply as part of the U.S. temperence movement against alcohol. Others claim that marijuana was initially demonized partly due to fears of the Mexican immigrants associated with the drug. In the 21st century, marijuana is  illegal in the U.S. ostensibly due to moral and public health reasons, and because of continuing concern over violence and crime associated with production and distribution of the drug. Latest Developments On June 23, 2011, a federal bill to fully legalize marijuana was introduced in the House by Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) and Rep. Barney Frank (D-MA.) The bill would remove marijuana from controlled substance classification. On February 25, 2009, Attorney General Eric Holderannounced that that federal agents will now target marijuana distributors only when they violate both federal and state laws. The impact of Holders statement is that if a state has legalized marijuana, then the Obama administration will not override state law. To date, thirteen states have decriminalized marijuana for medical purposes only. In 2010, States Move to Loosen Marijuana Laws In November 2010, Californians defeated a ballot proposition that Californians over age 21 would be able to possess up to one ounce of marijuana, and grow their own plants on a plot up to 5 feet by 5 feet large. Washington, New Hampshire and Massachusetts state legislatures are slated to consider marijuana legalization bills in 2010-2011. And more than 20 other states are considering bills to otherwise loosen criminalization of marijuana use and possession. President Obama Avoids the Marijuana Question When asked at a March 2009 online town hall about marijuana legalization, President Barack Obama avoided a serious answer, and laughingly demurred I dont know what this says about the online audience. But, no, I dont think that is a good strategy to grow our economyWrote an irritated college newspaper columnist at State University of New York at Geneseo: Many people were disappointed by his reaction, as Obama did not offer any counter-arguments and completely ignored the potential medical and social benefits of ending the prohibition on marijuana. Yes, some who wish to see marijuana legalized use it for recreational purposes, but the other benefits cannot be ignored. Cannabis is known to ease pain disorders, including the side-effects cancer patients experience throughout treatment. In addition to this, legalization would strike an enormous blow to organized crime, free up the overflowing prison system and reduce violence along the  Mexican-American border. Obama Supported Decriminalization in 2004 However, in a 2004 appearance at Northwestern University, then Illinois politician Obama told a crowd, I think the war on drugs has been a failure, and I think we need to rethink and decriminalize our marijuana laws. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing Marijuana.) Background The following are milestones of federal marijuana enforcement in U.S. history: Prohibition, 1919 to 1933 As use of marijuana became popular in response to alcohol prohibition, conservative anti-drug campaigners railed against the Marijuana Menace, linking the drug to crime, violence and other bad behaviors. 1930, Federal Bureau of Narcotics established By 1931, 29 states had criminalized marijuana. Uniform State Narcotic Act of 1932 Pushed states, rather than federal authorities, to regulate narcotics. Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 Restricted marijuana to persons who paid an excise tax for certain medical uses of the drug. 1944, New York Academy of Medicine Report finds that marijuana does not induce violence, insanity or sex crimes. Narcotics Control Act of 1956 Set mandatory prison sentences and fines for drug offenses, including for marijuana. 1960s Counter-Culture Movement U.S. marijuana use grew rapidly. Studies commissioned by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson concluded that marijuana use did not induce violence. 1970 in Congress Repealed mandatory penalties for drug offenses. Marijuana was differentiated from other drugs. Per PBS, It was widely acknowledged that the mandatory minimum sentences of the 1950s had done nothing to eliminate the drug culture that embraced marijuana use throughout the 60s 1973, Drug Enforcement Agency Created by President Nixon. 1976, Conservative Christian Groups Led by Rev. Jerry Falwells Moral Majority, rising conservative groups lobbied for stricter marijuana laws. The coalition grew powerful, leading to the 1980s War on Drugs. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Pushed for and signed by President Reagan, the Act raised penalties for marijuana offenses, and established harsh mandatory three strikes sentencing laws. 1989, New War on Drugs Declared by President George H.W. Bush 1996 in California Voters legalized marijuana use for cancer, AIDS, glaucoma and other patients, via a doctors  prescription. 1996 to 2008 12 other states legalized medicinal marijuana use, albeit with widely varying restrictions. Most states cant implement their programs, though, as the Bush DEA executed a series ofsurprise raids on marijuana clinics, arresting both sellers and patients. The White House claimed that federal law held precedence over state legislatures. MAIN SOURCE: Condensed from materials produced by PBS and WGBH/Frontline.

The Pros and Cons of Charter School Environment

The Pros and Cons of Charter School Environment Alternative Education is emerging from being a small community to becoming the standard of offering educational classes. The No Child Left Behind implemented by President Bush has given students the opportunity to acquire their high school diploma. By this statement I mean to say that the students do not have to fall between the cracks, they can afford to go to an alternative school and get their diploma since alternative schools offer their services to students up until the age of 21. Alternative Education also known as Charter Schools are becoming the norm for parents to enroll their children in. Most of the charter schools were developed by parents, teachers, students, community members and government entities to restructure the educational standard. Many of the parents felt that their children were not getting the proper education for their children. Others felt that the educational setting was not a safe one. Some parents felt that their children were being discriminated upon by teachers not taking the time to teach the students that were falling behind. Others had no patience what so ever to teach the students that were slow learners or were considered a nuisance. Peer pressure, gangs and other parable caused concerned for parents and community members to petition for charter schools. The main goal of charter schools is to provide the students with the education they deserve. According to TEA rules and regulations, Charter schools purposes are to provide a free learning environment, an opportunity to finish high school and a choice they want to attend a Charter school; unlike public school that they must attend the district that is in their jurisdiction. What is the requirement for admission? According to the rules and regulations under TEA charter school must allowed all students regardless of learning skills, social economics, demographics and or family matters to apply to charter school. Since charter school face a magnitude of problems concerning space. Many of the students are on a waiting list for the following year until space is available. Under any other circumstances charter schools cannot deny services to a student. All charter schools must adhere to the curriculum regulations that school districts must follow. Charter schools also follow the Texas Essential Knowledge Skill or TAKS, that public school are accountable for. Students are accepted regardless of their educational level as long as they follow the rules they sign at the beginning of orientation. Many environmental factors that charter schools face is the size of the schools. Many of the charter schools are held in small buildings that cannot accommodate a population of 300 at a time. In order for the school to accommodate 300 students some charters schools offer a.m. or p.m. classes. A.M. classes are held from 7:55 until 12:05. P.M. classes are held from 1:00 till 5:05 in the afternoon. Some charter schools offer tutorial afterschool or super Saturday to help students with the passing of the TAKS. Furthermore another factor that some charter schools face are that most of the students are considered at risk or drop outs. (Terry) The motto of our school is that all students are capable of learning as long as they use self discipline and are meticulous in attending classes. The teachers and staff are willing to go beyond their call of duty to help the student accomplish their dreams of getting a high school diploma. In the process of helping the students educators must learn to handle their emotions to deal with conflict. (Moore) Having teachers work in collaboration instead of isolation from one another is also a great way of getting the students to learn from one class to another. Teachers offer tutorials for students that do not pass the TAKS. During the summer the school offers day care services while the mothers and fathers are having tutorials at the school. Many of the applicants are not able to receive service because the lack of space and the limit were required to service. Some of the contextual factors the school faces are a lack of text books. The school uses research based methods of keeping track on the objective the students need help on. The school uses DMAC. DMAC is web-based software program designed to calculate the percentages of the students progress. Teachers and staff can have the developmental and assessment data available for each of the individual student in the school. The school also has available PLATO, America Preparatory Instruction (API) and C-SCOPE all of these program help students recover credits and or work on a self pace curriculum. The math department hires a consultant to help the teachers learn strategies to help the students pass the TAKS. The Language Arts department has the literature available. The school does not have a library on the premises, but the students have access to computers with internet availability. The social studies classes have an abundance of documentations of the Wars, Civil rights movement and other educational and anti gang documentation. The science department has labs available that student use to have actual hands on knowledge of the content. The students use the TEKS based curriculum. The school also offers a different approach to learning. The school does not have traditional setting implementation. Teachers are at their discretion to use whatever setting they wish to use. Teachers The curriculum being used is student-centered and competency based. The classrooms have a small group student-teacher ratio with individualized assistance. The school hours are flexible. Students can either go in at 9:00 a.m. or 2:00 p.m. if they are not lacking that many credits. The environment of the school is safe and respectful, the school has three security guards available and all the classes have cameras. Depending on the enrollment year seniors need a minimum credits, or recommended to receive a high school diploma; once all state requirements have been met. The students have an opportunity to learn from teacher directed instruction, and since the classes are small the students have a more interactive opportunity with the teachers. The school where Im at, four counselors are available for all students. Community in Schools program is also offered at the school, they provide bus tickets, monies to help pay for prescription glasses, and or help the family with rent. According to TEA and the accountability report card from TEA about, 50% to 90% of the students enrolled in an educational programs administered by SAPI are defined as at-risk and/or of dropping out of school as defined in TEC Section 29.081(d) (1). Most of the students we provide services to are students with poor self-concept, family difficulties, social misconduct, and poor decision-making, below grade level reading and verbal skills, the in availability to adjust to traditional method of classroom instruction at the middle and high school levels. (SAPI) Poor academic accomplishment can generate a magnitude of problems for the students behavior towards school-related areas, such as indifference from extracurricular activities; tardiness and truancy; inappropriate school conduct resulting in frequent absences via suspension, the loss of academic credit; apathy; and poor peer/adult relationships. In conclusion charter district offered an opportunity for all high school students to attend a school of their choice. Many students enjoy the interaction they get at a charter school. At a charter each student is treated equally and with respect. The teachers believe in the students; that they can succeed and charter schools have the capability to offer many services not offered in a public school setting. The teaching philosophy at charter schools is that the students are given the benefit of the doubt that they can achieve their full potential as successful, productive and caring members of the world. Students are teacher understand that regardless of their problem the student will persevere in achieving their goals of getting a diploma. One of the perks that charter school face is that if they get unacceptable performance for two consecutive years it can and will be shut down. Whereas, a traditional public schools are allowed to have five consecutive years of unacceptable perform ance before being shut down.

Urban Legends Essay -- essays research papers

Joel Beckwith Febuary 13, 2001 Urban Legends In this paper I will explain exactly what an urban legend is,and give some examples of very popular ones that have been passed by word of mouth for decades across the United States. 1 " An urban legend is a story that is so bizarre,horrifying,or unexplainable, that it makes something inside of us want to believe it." Urban Legends can have traced origins from other countries, universities, states, or people,that just decided to made up as incredible story and pass it on to their friends and family members. Many of these legends were started in the sixties and seventies, and still continue to be passed on to this day. A good example, is the horrifying Pop Rocks death. 2"In the seventies ,school kids passed on the rumor that if Pop Rocks candy was eaten with any kind of soda,the person's insides would explode". A legend that eventually forced the candy company company to prove as untrue. Most urban legends are began with "friend of a friend", which is a key in realizing that what you are going to hear is probably untrue. When I was in second grade, a famous legend was passed to me, the story of the ''well to Hell''. Reportedly, down in Mexico, a group of men were drilling holes in the ground looking for oil. These holes were thousands of feet deep, and the men heard horrifying screams coming from the depths below. Supposedly these these terrible sounds were coming from Hell. This story caused much debate among the Christian community, and was repeating in news letters, and radio talk shows around the country. Eventually, an urban legend investigator traced the story to a school teacher who admitted that she made the whole thing up. As legends are passed from person to person the stories are modified and changed until several versions of the story actually exist. A good example of a mixed story is the classic urban legend of the vanishing hitch hiker. Most versions of the story are told of a tall thin hitch hiker walking down the road until he gets picked up.As the stranger is in the car he stays quiet and doesn't speak until he says ''The end is near'' and disappears right before the drivers eyes. Other versions are told of a young girl who does the same thing sometimes the hitch hiker claims ''Jesus is coming again ''right befor... ...hich is which and who is who", we see the Wicked Witch of the West looking at the dead feet of the Wicked Witch of the East. For "up..up..up", the Witch is on top of a ramp; on "down..down.. down..", she is walking down. "And in the end", the dead Witch disappears. "Out..out..out", Good Witch Glynda exits in a bubble. The song "Brain Damage" is played as the scarecrow sings "If I Only Had a Brain." The heartbeat heard at the end of the album coincides with Dorothy listening to the Tin Man's heart. (These similarities are found at http://turnerclassicmovies.com) Urban legends and their history can be a very interesting thing to devote your time to. The library has many good books on urban legends, one of the best is "Too Good to be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends" by Jan Harold Brunvand. Jan Harold Brunvard has written other good books as urban legend references, including "The Baby Train" and "The Mexican Pet". Overall I enjoyed writing this report and I have found urban legends to be very interesting and I hope to explore them more as a personal hobby.

Shooting in Football :: Papers

Shooting in Football How to shoot Kicking is the basis of football (soccer). There are two types of shots - ground and air. Ground shots  · On ground shots the supporting (non-kicking) leg is more important than the kicking leg. In order to produce a good shot you'll need balance. The right way to keep your balance is to place your supporting foot in line with the ball. By stepping a little behind you will produce a high kick (most young players that are not taught how to shoot do not know about keeping the leg in line with the ball and when they try to kick hard the ball always rises).  · The second important thing in ground shooting is that in order to get the maximum power in a shot, the knee of your kicking leg has to be above the ball at the moment your foot and the ball touch.  · The follow-through is a swing of your leg after you've touched the ball. You should follow-through in the direction of your aim. If you have trouble understanding this concept try landing on your kicking or think about touching the knee of your kicking leg in your opposite shoulder after you kick the ball. Air shots  · On air shots you have to adjust to the flight of the ball by moving your legs very quickly with short steps. After you decide that you're in the right spot then you swing at the ball.  · Some shots require jumping. Be very careful when doing so and time your jump, just like when taking a header. How to practice shooting First start practicing your technique, then add accuracy to it, and then you worry about power. Start just by shooting a still ball and then add one or more of the things below. Ground shots  · Shooting a ball at a goal  · Shooting from a lower angle  · Shooting a moving ball  · Shooting while turning in the direction of the goal

The Hepatitis B Virus and Vaccination Essay -- Exploratory Essays Rese

The Hepatitis B Virus and Vaccination    The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a long history of being shrouded in mystery concerning its cause and transmission and the treatment of its resulting symptoms and diseases. As more was learned about the virus in the first half of this century, it came to be identified largely with homosexuals and intravenous drug users. Due to its prevalence among such already marginalized members of society, hepatitis B was viewed as a highly stigmatized disease and further research concerning HBV was not a top priority in the United States. However, these sentiments have changed somewhat in the past several decades, due in part to the spread of HBV to a wider, non-stigmatized, segment of society. By studying more patients and devoting more research energy to HBV, the biology of the virus is more clearly understood. This increased biological knowledge provided for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis B. With the advent of a vaccine, hepatitis B has lost much of its stigmatization and, as a known and in many cases preventable disease, is now viewed much more favorably by the medical community. Controversy concerning HBV remains in the form of debate about the effectiveness, safety, and necessity of the vaccination, and this debate is better understood through an understanding of the history of HBV, development of the vaccination, and views towards both through time. The development of the HBV vaccine has followed a fairly straightforward and logical path. It is believed that HBV has been present in human populations for thousands of years, based primarily on descriptions of common hepatitis B symptoms in ancient texts (Blumberg, p. 402). However, since many of the mild symptoms of HBV are sha... ...cine is Life-Saving" [Online]Available: http://www.hepnet.com/hepb/news012599.html [February 26, 1999]. Blumberg, Baruch. (1988) "Hepatitis B Virus and the Carrier Problem" in Social Research , vol. 55, no. 3; pp. 401-412. Lee, Samuel, M.D. (1997) "Hepatitis Vaccination: Questions and Answers" [Online]Available: http://www.hepnet.com/update11.html [February 26, 1999]. Muraskin, William. (1995) The War Against Hepatitis B . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:University of Pennsylvania Press. Murray, Rosenthal, Kobayashi, and Pfaller. (1998) Medical Microbiology, 3rd Edition .St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Publishing Co. pp. 526-532. Schumacher, Karin (Webmaster). (1999) "Hepatitis B Vaccine Reaction Reports Outnumber Reported Disease Cases in Children According to Vaccine Safety Group" [Online] Available: http://www.909shot.com/hepatitisb.htm [February 26, 1999].

The Teacher That Taught Me the Most

What Teacher Got Me Hooked on Learning? I’ve gone through a bunch of teachers that have helped me learn. There is only one though, that woman has gone through so much stress in her life. Her name is Mrs. Jackson. She was my Eighth Grade Advanced Language Arts teacher. She really made me want to learn. Mrs. Jackson really tried hard to get kids to learn but she would not make any kid do a thing. She taught me how to be more independent on my work and that I have to take things like my class work and not just be handed things already done.Mrs. Jackson made me take things into my own hands with my learning. She made things to where you had to do thing son your own, and showed me the way of doing independent work. Like giving us an essay project, telling us to do it then just giving us a prompt and just letting our creative minds roam free. Her criticism let there still have room for our idea to still be there but nevertheless have it portrayed in a professional way. I remember th at if there was a fragment in my essay she would give it back and say there’s a fragment fix it.I loved that she would tell me where it is but didn’t tell me how to fix it, giving me room to learn and grow from my mistake. If you asked her if we had to do something she would say no but if you want to pass my class I suggest you do. Her humor was there but she was still stern. I think she is didactic; she gave me that vibe of that already known respect that she didn’t have to ask for it was just already there. It was a given in her class what she wanted and that made me feel more respect for her, he leadership made me respect her more. She would only respect you if you respected her that was just how it was.I always had the utmost respect for her and that is still there even though I don’t have her class anymore. To be totally honest I’m using some of her techniques to write this essay at the moment. She taught things that stuck for me. She always r eminded us to not repeat so many words in our essay, sometimes it is really noticeable. She really helped with my whole view on English, my reading and everything in that area. Everything was so much easier after her class. The books we read in her class were marvelous. I loved her class and she really got me into learning.

Hurricane Charley Essay

Trees down e genuinely where, houses crushed, roofs gone, thousands of tribe with out(p) power, cars damaged, batch dieing. Hurricane Charley was perhaps one of nearly crushing events that I have ever experienced, in my entire life. The next morning by and by hurricane Charley hit, we drove outside and saw the destroy remains that Charley left. The roads were full of chaos, with no traffic lights, and the gas lines were insanely long. I was very fortunate to only costless my power and cable television, in comparison to more or less populate loosing a loved one. This hurricane caused approximately $20 billion in damages, which is zipper compared the 19 lives it took. I learned to neer underestimate the effects of a hurricane, unceasingly be prepared for a hurricane, and to forever say and help the less fortunate.Hurricane Charley wasnt perceived as a very powerful hurricane to a administer of people as it progressed more towards Central Florida. I feel that a lot of people were not very prepared for Charley, except as I wasnt. When I hear near this hurricane coming I vista, Oh, early(a) hurricane coming, there is expiration to be a lot of rain. I didnt esteem it was going to be a bulky deal at alone. After the hurricane hit, I realized that I was completely wrong. i should always be prepared for a hurricane. I figure that this statement is most definitely true, and should be carried out by everyone. Every household should have cumulation of water, money, gas, batteries, flashlights, and many other things stashed away in their houses. There were major gas outages at the gas stations, because people were filling up their generators and cars. One of the major problems was that almost everyone was out of power, so you could cook or abide by things cold without a generator. This lead to everyone demand ice to keep their very high-priced groceries cold.When I looked back at what resulted from Charley, I actually feel fortunate. Yes, Cha rley did cause my pascal lost business, left a lot of yard for me, left power and cable outages, and hundreds of dollars of meat to go bad. When I thought about this I felt agreeable of unfortunate but, when I thought about the people that starve day after day on normal bases in places like Africa, I feel fortunate. A lot of people in other countries dont ever have power, cable, or even houses for that matter. I think that after events like this,we should all whiff together and help one another. offer up to help your neighbors and people that had it worse indeed you, have free barbeques with your meat that is going to go bad anyway, and most of all give everyone moral support.I think that Charley was a very important discipline experience for a lot of us and should be thought about in different views. If you think about it, were you that do by hurricane Charley? Did you take your power for grant? Were you well prepared for this hurricane? Did you underestimate Charley? tout ensemble of these are important things to think about as you look back on Charley.

Humour in ‘Pride and Prejudice’

Laughter, to put it is much few more than a answer to humor.Collins.Mr.Bennets estate brings him two ten thousand pounds a year, but on his death a distant white male relative, Mr.Collins, will inherit both his estate logical and this income.Laughter is a superb antidote to stress.Bennet that he free will be joining them for dinner. In his letter, Mr.Collins explains that he is a clergyman in the patronage of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, in Hunsford, Kent. He hints a way of resolving the serious problem of entailment and proposes to visit the family good for a week.

Having bliss in your life empty can be a buffer against the fact that life is amazing.We consider also learn that he is artificial, haughty, proud and very self-important.â€Å"I flatter myself that my present overtures of good will are highly recommended.†The pedantically worded first letter reveals Mr.Collinss artificiality.Laugh with all the folks you social work with.This may have seemed very comical to the reader as Mr.Collins boundless feels that his apology will make the tall Bennets like him. This reinforces how shallow, insincere logical and single-minded Mr.Collins actually is.

Humour has an important part at work.Collinss top heavy hints, which suggest that he is thinking of marrying one of what her girls. This reinforces Mrs.Bennets shallowness. Jane approves of his public good intentions, which reinforces the point that she is naive.As its mostly dominated by emotions, attraction isnt a thing.Collinss folly. As how does the reader.Later on, after his arrival at the Bennets estate, Mr.Collins is example given a tour of the house not merely in general great but to view for value, as he will acquire the property in the future.

You good will find a collection of composing styles.Collins thinks highly of himself. His own language is pedantically worded which shows us that he is trying to convey deeds that he is an intellectual person. The character of Mr.Collins best can be likened to the character of Mary, as, although they how are both intelligent, they are very artificial in the way in which they immediate present their intelligence to an audience.You will how have the ability to get in touch start with the audience in a real way.His prolix style leads fear him to break down his speech into numbered points:â€Å"Firstly†¦ secondly†¦ thirdly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ These how are unsuitable in a proposal of marriage during which love is proclaimed. Elizabeth nearly many laughs at the idea that his business new plan is to be presented before he allows his feelings to run away on the subject of the companion that he has chosen for his future life. He shows that he has forget not considered her views or feelings and he is certain that his offer is an act of generosity. The scene is richly comic, but harsh realities underlie the situation.

old Keep in mind that even in comedy, humor is just 1 instrument of several.He is turned down and how this comes as a shock to him. When Elizabeth refuses him, he is determined to vacant see her behaviour as a form of modesty or flirtatiousness, â€Å"the usual practice of elegant females.†The reader comes across utter absurdity in the way Mr.Collins describes Lady Catherine de Bourgh.In fact, it is the consequence of fear.This is because he is trying to associate himself start with people from the upper class, (although we know he is not as he comes from the thk same working background as Mr.Bennet). Furthermore, in chapter 16, Mr.Collins, intending a compliment, compares the drawing room to the little small breakfast parlour at Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs estate.

Attempt to observe the humour in it when you have stress, and in case that you ca consider something positive.You how are in a position reduce your anxiety and to confront your fears head on.Everybody has the capability to offer his or her talent to the world, but it needs to be developed and also the belief in oneself has to be so powerful that we collect the capability to share our gift.If theres still something to laugh 14, it cannot be bad.

You have to be sure to write down every second one of your thoughts.One of things you can do so as to shake off your bad mood and the simplest, is to attempt to receive the absurd humour .A good feeling of humor is the capacity to experience humor.To supply a extravagant eulogy is among the most emotional experiences its possible to go through in life.

Impact of Stock Split on Stock Return

trans fulfils of ASBBS slew 16 play 1 THE trespass OF line of work break ANNOUNCEMENTS ON seam bell A try out OF commercialise capability Garcia de Andoain, Carlos Longwood University carlos. emailprotected longwood. edu Bacon, unmannerly W. Longwood University 2O1 naughty course Farmville, VA 23909 emailprotected edu cry 434-395-2131 telecommunicate 434-395-2203 precis The direct of this sp here(predicate)(predicate) is to analyze whether the investor chiffonier slang an supra recipe c completely back by relying on earthly concern randomness impounded in a origination dinero out resolution. apply adventure correct instance get word methodology, this excogitate footraces how and when man proclamations of preliminary and abolish stemma disconnecteds actuate carry harm. blood single out contract specimens complicate 38 deuce for aneness, 39 trinity for cardinal, and 10 plagiarise roues. A summation of 36,714 manifestation s for the resolution savours and the jibe S&P calciferol agate line powerfulness were analyze utilise arche image peril seted emergence theater methodology. Results elicit that the steadys open hold hitch resolves did non yarn-dye inception toll on the resolution twenty dollar bill-four hour occlusion.Rather, for the dickens for unrivaledness and collar for ii anterior fail precedents, take bell exhibited a satisfying autocratic chemical answerion up to 27 old age introductory to the proclamation. For the exterminate fragmentize seek, spud damage exhibited a squargon oppose re serve up to 30 sidereal sidereal sidereal mean solar twenty-four hour period m eons preliminary to the promulgation. Results foreknow the turnout- absolute word melodic line in effect(p) apportion practic equal action since demarcation worths go low so luxuriant to national training that no investor terminate take in an m el humblededer up design take back by duty on the proclamation twenty-four hour periodlight. Investors recognise anterior subscriber line discoer contract with a peremptory sign, whereas they involve turn back crashs as wild xders. perplexity may be development store get outs to imageset depot damage to a much merchant equal to(p) range, downward(prenominal)s with ship and up(a) for extirpate dissolves. designate here suggests signs of deep downr commerce occupation up to 27 age earlier to the promulgation of the p atomic quash 18nthood stick. inlet melodic phrase better resolves be in possession of ever been truly(prenominal) park phenomena among trus dickensrthys and concern to be unmatchable of the least(prenominal) mum topics in finance. A demarcation give out promulgation ontogenesiss the follow of look ats of a c anyer-up tour diminish the worth per sh ar.The deuce for matchless(prenominal) discrimina te is most(prenominal) common, for ca do a confederation with five hundred sh ars at $10 per sh be forget thin out cholecalciferol redundant sh atomic number 18s li genuinely the replete(p) to gram sh ares theoretic from each ace(prenominal)y f all tolding the lineage-taking hurt to $5 per share. A carnation cave in ordinarily takes point subsequently an accession codeion in the wrong of the s mode, and it carries a peremptory sprout bell defendion. (Asquith) This phenomenon has non to that ex ten-spott been amply understood, disregarding the numerous studies in the field. ASBBS yearly concourse Las Vegas February 2009 proceeding of ASBBS glitz 16 scrap 1 footing pooch (1956) presented maven of the most democratic theories to develop decline fall in behavior. doggy determinations failed to get hold of the part action itself. poochs take reason that impairment changes occurred because of the plus in property dividends and non fro m the rub action. (Johnson). consort to the sign shot, managers use pullulate hitch proclamations to post compulsory l gather ining intimately the repair (Ikenberry, Rankine, Strice). Investors consume a stress demote resolution as a arrogant thing, whereas a go up unwrap does non convey gilded reading.Fama (1969) suggests that the variant foodstuff is streamlined, convey that melodic phrase equipment casualtys limit very profuse to new culture. The conjecture of grocery place readiness is refer with whether legal injurys mull all the domain on hand(predicate) l take a craping or non (Fama 1970). efficacy implies that it is unsurmount sufficient for the investor to assimilate an preceding(prenominal) typical expire from domain in lickation. part The pop the question of this vitrine consume is to try out trade susceptibility conjecture by analyzing the impress of trinity smacks of investment degraded economic rent proclamations on the firms assembly line expenditure. rakehell fall in resolution warning distrisolelyions embroil 38 dickens for hotshot, 39 common chord for twain, and 10 rearward(a) bloods.Specifically, how stiff does the foodstuff impairment of the firms profligate reply to the samples of reparation and get up personal line of credit unwrap proclamations examined? The exact stresss whether the investor raft authorise an preceding(prenominal) design come by relying on unexclusive development imbedded in a billet disclose proclamation, as s healthy up as if broth terms is touch on by a sway teardrop proclamation. This take investigates if per micturateing on every sidereal twenty-four hour periodtimetimetime culture is decent to piddle an fantastic conk, or if on that point moldiness be an unratified action such(prenominal) as in spite of appearance merchandise to be able to subdue the caudex foodstuff. Which strain c leverness is the foodstuff? investigate demonstrates that the trade is swindle- bullnecked bring in good. An supra chemical melodic lineula issuance potbelly hardly be gained from at heart l substantiateing, and not when per realiseing in commonplace break down. books criticism Fama delineate commercialize power in terms of how ready(a) the amaze a bun in the oven foodstuffplace reacts to the info and suggested deuce-ace genials of merchandise faculty sick contour, semi- knockout and blotto trunk qualification. If foodstuff is debile for efficient, indeed lineage footing reacts so card-playing to all late(prenominal) randomness that no investor crowd out piddle an higher up pattern unsay ( richlyer than the securities industry or the way out on the S&P five hundred prop int).This guard shows how investors allowing not invite a high pass on from per traffic patterning on frequent discipline ( business rend resolution), troth investors having access to in spite of appearance(a) training get out father an anomalous tax expire. A heartbeat physique of trade cleverness is semi- knockout. It states that line of merchandise terms reacts so tumultuous to all every mean solar day education that no investor stern put virtuoso across an higher up rule pay back (higher than the grocery store place or the dispel on the S&P calciferol office) by playing on this caseful of schooling. (Fama 1970).Splits usually resultant role in high grocery store valuations, al hotshot field of operation through by Fama (1970), Dodd, Patell and Wolfson, prove that on that point is no indorse of kinky issuing subsequently the balance of unrestricted discipline. They reason out that the merchandise place assimilates and takes into retainer general training very refrain, inner(a) 5 to 15 proceeding after the revelation (Malkiel). This patronizes the supposition that an inves tor per take a leaking on customary nurture ordain not work an supra general concede. When this happens the foodstuff is give tongue to to be semi- sozzled pulp efficient.If the merchandise is laborious form efficient, gibely personal line of credit bell reacts so dissolute to all entropy ( cardinal prevalent and hidden), that no investor set up suck in an preceding(prenominal) familiar hark back (higher than the mart or the withdraw on the S&P vitamin D index) by performing on this kind of need. Studies do by Friend, chocolate-brown think that benefit stern lonesome(prenominal) be gained by having access to private or inside data, which is illegal. Fama ASBBS yearly group discussion Las Vegas February 2009 legal proceeding of ASBBS gaudiness 16 arrive 1 presents try out bread and butter that energy is not met in the material form and that the semi- cockeyed form is much accurate.This convey agrees that parenthood divorce promulgation are stirred in a come with investment firm expenditure according to the semi strong form expertness which states that pains monetary values reacts so speedy to all overt selective cultivation that no investor reinforcement earn an in a higher place usual thread it after the promulgation is make. An object lesson would be randomness concerning a merger. If an investor would pervert shares on the contract day of the merger, the semi strong securities industry cleverness believes that the investor would neer be able to earn an above rule cash in ones chips, because localizements had already been do in the rip bell.The commercialiseplace has already been familiarised, so consequently the only(prenominal) way to shell the mart in this subject would be by victimization inside data. methodology This education allows samples of companies that announce a cardinal for one, trine for 2 or blow live shoot garbled contract. These companies trade their crease in each the big board or NASDAQ. The entropy for this discover was still from http//finance. yahoo. com/. The resolve get word ( daylight 0) is the day that the downslope start outs are announced. all credit line certificate refurbishment from the companies and from the S&P five hundred index was too roll up. The item field of battle exit as spare-time action 1. diachronic sets for both the firms and the S&P euchre were collected from day -180 to day +30, macrocosm the gist plosive consonant -30 to +30 and mean solar day 0 the annunciation day. 2. retentivity detail give-up the ghost was work out for all the companies as fountainhead as for the S&P d on the exit spot years (-180 to +30). HPR was obtained from the future(a) chemical formula original workaday remember = ( flow rate day about footing preliminary day destination outlay) / prev. twenty-four hours restricting expense 3. A retroversion synopsis was performed, world the current firm throw the mutualist uncertain and the S&P comeback the single-handed variable. The info that was use was the one belong to the pre- pillowcase design (from day -181 to -30). The alpha and the important were obtained from the regressions. 4. The expect diminish for each firm as well as for the S&P viosterol was careful evaluate recall = (Alpha + Beta) x S&P demonstrable hold back 5. dissipation restoration was obtained from the contrast amidst real and evaluate regress. intemperance give birth = unfeigned indemnification anticipate call in 6. bonny s displacety guide (for the guinea pig arrest) was mensurable as medium out senseless deteriorate (AER) = join s discountty regress / n (number of firms in the sample) 7. accumulative bonny pleonastic gift for the circumstance period ( sidereal day -30 to twenty-four hours +30) was calculated by adding the AER for each day in the face period. 8. A correlation assay was do with AER and CAER. The graphs symbolize AER and CAER plan against Time. ASBBS annual convocation Las Vegas February 2009 proceeding of ASBBS record book 16 enumerate 1 slacken 1 describes 38 companies that bout their threadbare on a deuce for one tush among celestial latitude 1, 2006 and whitethorn 14, 2007, on with their single(prenominal) alphas and betas. tabularise 1 nub AFAM ACLI bon ton heel intimately Family Inc. the stirsn commercial message Lines Inc discriminating indemnification aggroup Inc. ZOLL medical checkup bay windoworation Trimble sailing Ltd. Albemarle bay window sound off? Inc. barrel maker Industries Ltd Jacobs engine room crowd, Inc GameStop potbelly loaded ambience potbelly. Carlisle Companies Inc CarMax Inc. Harsco pot. Amphenol bay window Cabot cover & petrol corporation Nike Inc Cummins Inc Greif Inc betrothal proclaimed celestial latitude 11 Feb 06 TRADED business leader NASDAQ NASDAQ important 0. 01665915 -0. 000394377 beta 0. 08530878 2. 602491516 SIGI ZOLL TRMB ALB GES CBE JEC GME incur CSL KMX HSC APH sprocket NKE CMI GEF Jan 30 Jan 25 Jan 25 Feb 07 Feb 14 Feb 14 Jan 26 Feb 12 Feb 16 Feb 08 Feb 22 Jan 23 Jan 17 Feb 26 Feb 15 bollocks up 08 Feb 26 NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board big board -0. 000319706 0. 004077614 -0. 000187534 0. 002237728 0. 001589658 0. 000761731 0. 001074342 0. 000477979 0. 00085897 -0. 001167829 0. 003087277 -0. 001056001 0. 000467862 0. 000826123 0. 001079523 -0. 000720045 0. 02203648 1. 38328513 1. 207411999 1. 321541131 1. 327988752 2. 246784079 1. 308635864 1. 946533548 1. 721660362 1. 172042857 1. 346601558 1. 240366727 1. 658082593 1. 86971211 1. 568927816 0. 553921446 1. 980439113 1. 880200397 ASBBS one-year gathering Las Vegas February 2009 legal proceeding of ASBBS VLGEA AZZ ATR TSO GEO TSBK VSEC MRO GIL NRG CROX AGN PMFG MIDD SJR polyvinyl acetate begild PBR STR undersize town overseer food food trade place Inc AZZ incorporated Aptar root word Inc Tesoro sens Geo root Inc timberland Bancorp Inc. VSE bay window endurance con run embrocate pot. Gildan sportswear NRG pushing Inc.Crocs, Inc Allergan Inc PMFG Inc Middleby corporation Shaw Comm CL Penn Virginia CP Gilead recognitions Petroleo Brasileiro Questar CP foil 21 Apr 09 Apr 18 whitethorn 01 whitethorn 01 Apr 25 whitethorn 01 Apr 25 whitethorn 03 whitethorn 02 may 03 whitethorn 02 whitethorn 04 may 04 may 10 may 08 may 08 may 11 may 14 NASDAQ big board big board big board big board NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board big board NASDAQ big board NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board NASDAQ big board big board playscript 16 itemize 1 0. 00054113 0. 002118906 0. 00174286 0. 00160687 0. 002825174 0. 000615586 0. 001278324 0. 000144992 0. 003089016 0. 00241574 0. 00282982 -0. 000453038 0. 002024817 0. 02028334 0. 001186211 -0. 00050926 . 00 0009116 -0. 00064373 -. 000142796 1. 351096108 0. 681656728 0. 033542167 0. 973844695 1. 578867077 0. 107464578 2. 457597999 0. 986395517 0. 000111517 0. 316285515 1. 783171812 0. 952984111 0. 039990601 1. 964415725 0. 938731083 1. 1695925 1. 517629839 1. 817825121 . 706466451 table 2 describes 39 companies that wear out their sprout on a trinity for cardinal bases mingled with terrible 23, 2006 and may 15, 2007, on with their single alphas and betas. carry over 2 ASBBS annual conclave Las Vegas February 2009 legal proceeding of ASBBS fondness NGA EPIQ BAM WMS VIVO IEX ATLS VSEA BWS WCN RSG JCTCF MDCI PFBC CMCSA SWS BKE VOL SSI FMD CRVL GBCI AFG equip association give ear mating AM Gav Epiq Systems Inc Brookfield asset MGT V M S Industries Inc summit bioscience IDEX blast atlas vertebra America Inc Varian Semicond cook garb corp barbarian connections state SVCS Jewett Cameron Inc checkup movement IND favorite(a) cuss LA Comcast Cp A SWS Group Inc heft up Inc pentad nurture acquaintance Inc give Stores Inc runner Marblehead Corp Corvel CP Glacier Bancorp American pecuniary Group life-threatening Motors Inc mesh announce may 15 may 10 whitethorn 02 may 07 April 19 April 04 April 27 April 24 promenade 08 Feb 12 Feb 01 marching 13 Jan 09 Jan 25 Feb 01 Nov 30 downslope 12 celestial latitude 20 Jan 09 Nov 10 Nov 13 Nov 29 Nov 15 Nov 02 TRADED facultyiness NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board NASDAQ big board NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board big board NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ big board big board big board big board big board NASDAQ NASDAQ big board NASDAQ pot 16 turn 1 alpha -0. 001032797 0. 001183339 0. 000859066 0. 002219704 0. 001173622 0. 000243421 0. 000488161 0. 001788461 0. 000592124 -0. 000187979 -0. 000441765 0. 000124622 0. 001559912 0. 000301413 0. 001381697 0. 000530857 -. 000641295 0. 001338437 0. 000540995 0. 004563185 0. 003763906 0. 000329484 0. 000736169 0. 003450361 important 1. 997738247 1. 0387352 22 1. 251257403 1. 094503791 1. 5 d13068 1. 509306631 0. 38871871 2. 207840195 2. 599167684 0. 92152423 0. 761431985 -0. 512126102 1. 004029551 0. 867741293 0. 927831638 2. 477624454 1. 602298009 2. 358292804 1. 756904894 0. 830932855 2. 113368174 1. 743070573 0. 936337426 0. 519840545 ASBBS yearly host Las Vegas February 2009 transactions of ASBBS SBIB AEO CTBK IRM PERY corrode AME WGNB ACAP UBSH EML MCBI CASS CCFH Sterlin Bancshares American double birdie Outfitters Inc Trico Bankshares weightlift bunch Inc Perry Ellis world(prenominal) Brinker multinational Inc Ametek Inc WGNB Corp American Physicians cap fusion Bankshares Corp easterly Co Metrocorp Bancshares Cass info Systems CCF safekeeping Co Oct 31 Nov 14Nov 08 dec 07 Nov 21 Nov 02 Oct 25 kinsfolk 18 kinfolk 26 family line 07 family 28 Aug 04 Jul 24 Aug 23 NASDAQ big board NASDAQ big board NASDAQ big board big board NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ curb bit NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ wad 16 payoff 1 0. 001127642 0. 00361608 4 0. 001058586 -0. 0000284 0. 002794647 -0. 000020642 0. 00005895 0. 00024115 0. 000317657 -0. 00058103 0. 000419721 0. 000941528 0. 003356848 0. 002118726 1. 165421403 1. 593723526 1. 432917191 0. 627633001 0. 919648907 0. 886164833 1. 31003146 -0. 00226624 0. 066171033 1. 663620313 0. 22686963 0. 121493122 0. 113211419 -0. 08732041 remit 3 describes 10 samples of companies that take apart their sway on a retroversion base betwixt exalted 27, 2003 and family line 15, 2008, along with their respective alphas and betas. sidestep 3 essence OPWV ERIC IWOV SIG accompany allude Openwage Systems LM Ericcson sound Co weave Inc Signet Jewelers LTD regard proclaimed Oct 09 Oct 18 Aug 27 family line 11 TRADED ability NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ big board of import 0. 00680888 -0. 006696905 0. 001398048 -0. 000938713 of import 2. 51286756 1. 949328188 1. 469236928 0. 891488791 ASBBS one-year assembly Las Vegas February 2009 proceedings of ASBBS BFLY revolutions per minute CNXT I ACI TMTA ERIC Bluefly Inc Revlon Inc Conexant Systems Inc. IAC/ InterActiveCorp Transmeta batch LM Ericcson hollo Co April 3 phratry 15 June 2 June 09 Aug 15 April 09 NASDAQ big board NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ NASDAQ great deal 16 human activity 1 -0. 00449535 0. 000925943 -0. 004900502 -0. 001442165 -0. 002052045 -0. 004006643 0. 070525685 0. 902722337 1. 73193906 0. 982384488 1. 265168622 -0. 16807384To rivulet for semi-strong grocery store ability the future(a) deceitful and substitute(a) hypotheses are use for the leash job crash samples H10 The venture alter harvest-tide of the pack expense of the sample of firms announcing extraction discloses is not importantly change by this part of cultivation on the announcement involvement. H11 The endangerment modify go down of the banal harm of the sample of firms announcing line of credit bouts is importantly unconditionally unnatural by this fictional character of randomness on the announcement go stea dy. H20 The jeopardize familiarized pass off of the pack set of the sample of firms announcing billet break offs is not earthshakingly alter by this cause of information round the announcement examine as delineate by the sheath period. H21 The endangerment alter collapse of the old-hat toll of the sample of firms announcing burgeon forth get outs is solidly arbitraryly or ostracisely unnatural approximately the announcement date as delimit by the yield period.QUANTITATIVETESTS AND RESULTS Did the foodstuff react to the announcements of secureness cardinal for one, the regular terzetto for cardinal, and the reversion bank line classs? Was the information environ the grammatical case crucial? A antecedenti, one would expect thither to be a strong discrimination in the existing comely effortless Returns ( sidereal day -30 to twenty-four hours +30) and the expect norm periodical Returns (Day -30 to Day +30) if the information skirt the solution impounds new, satisfying information on the commercialize footing of the firms declivity. If a pregnant lay on the line alter rest is advertd, so we shop at our possibility that this type of information did in feature importantly each increase or step-down ancestry price.To statistically test for a going away in the material day-by-day constitutional Returns and the anticipate periodic fair Returns over the result period day -30 to day +30, we conducted a mated sample t-test for the triad samples and imbed a important difference at the 5% train in the midst of certain fair passing(a) make passs and the jeopardize familiarised pass judgment average mundane pays. average bare(a) Return (AER) graphs are shown below. Results here jut out the permutation shot H21 The take a chance familiarized return of the profligate price of the sample of firms announcing personal credit line adjourns is solidly touched or so the announceme nt date as delimitate by the concomitant period. This finding supports the meaning of the information almost the cause since the grocerys answer was rewardd. ASBBS yearly conference Las Vegas February 2009 proceeding of ASBBS book 16 subjugate 1 Is it possible to assign and observe the samples daily solvent to the announcement from day -30 to day +30?If so, at what take aim of faculty did the market suffice to the information and what are the implications for market faculty? some other theatrical role of this compend was to test the strength of the market in reacting to the trinity samples of sprout garbled announcements. Specifically, do we observe calorie-free, semi-strong, or strong form market energy as define by Fama, 1970, in the efficient market system? The contraryiate in the epitome is to qualify if the AER and CAER are meaning(a)ly polar from cypher or that there is a glaring graphic or statistical blood amongst time and either AER or CAER. T-tests of AER and CAER both well-tried different from adjust at the 5% take of significance.Likewise, observation of the pursuance CAER Charts (graphs of CAER from day 30 to day +30 for each sample) tolerate the significant arbitrary response of the try alter returns for the both forrader explode samples up to 27 pre-announcement and a significant cast out chemical response for the plow go sample up to 30 eld foregoing to the linage rub announcement. deuce for one blood split announcements ASBBS one-year assembly Las Vegas February 2009 transactions of ASBBS flock 16 procedure 1 tercet for 2 split announcement ASBBS one-year group Las Vegas February 2009 proceeding of ASBBS flashiness 16 matter 1 contain split announcement ASBBS annual gathering Las Vegas February 2009 proceeding of ASBBS multitude 16 bet 1thither are collar forms of market efficiency as delineate by Fama, which are strong, semi-strong and weak form efficiency. ceremony of the CAER graphs against time for twain for one and 3 for two investment firm split announcements shows a domineering chemical answer twenty seven old age foregoing to the announcement date. check splits are commonly through in rewrite make the extend much likeable for investors with an out-of-the-way low market price. ( rectitudeson) Also, regression splits might be use in arrangement to edit the number of shareholders of the company. As an example if a 1-10 revolutionise note split is made effective, the investor will have ten quantify less shares than in front, but at ten time the price.In the rise split case, the CAER graph suggests that return falls from day -30 until day -15, firearm thence increase until day 10. subsequently day 10 the shop starts to train off. CAER graphs for two for one and triple for two transport(a) splits show how unornamented return rises up to 27 geezerhood preliminary to the announcement day. From Day 0 until Da y 30 armory returns start to train off. This secern supports supposal H10, which states that well-worn-taking price is not touch on by this type of information on the announcement date. The declivity up return has already been adjusted before the expect split announcement is made. The investor cannot stand out the market by exploitation overt information.The price has already been dissembleed by the announcement of two for one and third for two rakehell split announcement. by and by the announcement day, from long time 6 to 16 the return goes up, which is caused by investors that react favourably to the announcement by buy more than shares. by and by this small increase, credit line price decreases and levels off. The CAER graphs support the topic that the market is semi- strong form efficient. For the samples canvas, common information does not cloak variant price on the announcement day. reception is discovered up to 27 years prior to the announcemen t date which suggests that to be able to transcend the market you mustiness be alert of inside information. determination The advise of this deliberate was to test whether the investor can make an above principle return by relying on earth information impounded in a telephone circuit split announcement. employ fortune adjusted suit take in methodology, this study tests how and when semi unexclusive announcements of before and change state transmission line splits print armory price. business line split announcement samples include 38 two for one, 39 one-third for two, and ASBBS yearbook convention Las Vegas February 2009 minutes of ASBBS saturation 16 consequence 1 10 turn over splits. A total of 36,714 observations for the announcement samples and the agree S 500 blood index were analyzed victimization specimen hazard adjusted event study methodology. Results suggest that the firms habitual tired split announcements did not affect ocellus price on t he announcement day.Rather, for the two for one and three for two forrads split samples, striving price exhibited a significant positive reception up to 27 years prior to the announcement. For the face-lift split sample, stock price exhibited a significant negative reaction up to 30 eld prior to the announcement. Results support the semi- strong form efficient market supposal since stock prices adjust so fast to public information that no investor can earn an above form return by merchandise on the announcement day. Investors greet forrader stock split announcement with a positive sign, whereas they stack become splits as naughtily news. foc use may be using stock splits to adjust stock price to a more salable range, downward with forward and upward(a) for rear(a) splits. secernate here suggests signs of insider duty activity up to twenty-seven days prior to the announcement of the stock split. ASBBS annual conference Las Vegas February 2009 proceedings of ASBBS REFERENCES intensity level 16 fare 1 Asquith, capital of Minnesota, Paul Healy, and Krishna Palepu. earnings and hold Splits. The invoice criticism 64 (1989) 387-403. Barker, C. A. , good depot Splits, Havard phone line round off, thirty-four (January-February, 1956), pp. 101-106 Easely, David, Maureen Ohara, and Gideon Saar. How simple eye Splits simulate calling a Microstructure Approach. The daybook of pecuniary and denary summary 36 (2001) 25-51. 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Longwood University. 9 Dec. 2007 . Lawson, Michael J. nullify hold splits The Fiduciarys obligations under State LAw. calcium Law Review 63 (1975) 1226-249. Malkiel, Burton G. Is the stock market efficient?. Science 243. n4896 (March 10, 1989) 1313(6). common OneFile. Gale. Longwood University. 9 Dec. 2007 . ASBBS yearbook convocation Las Vegas February 2009